Data / Rankings / Real labour productivity per hour worked, annual growth / EU countries

EU countries by real labour productivity per hour worked, annual growth

Croatia had the highest real labour productivity per hour worked, annual growth of 27 EU countries in 2022, at 5.8%. Luxembourg had the lowest, at -4%. The median was -0.5% and the figure for the European Union (27) was 0.4%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest5.8Croatia
Lowest-4Luxembourg
Median-0.527 EU countries
European Union (27)0.4History

Map of EU countries, 2022

Austria: 2.8 %Belgium: -0.5 %Bulgaria: 3.1 %Cyprus: 3.6 %Czechia: -1.5 %Germany: 0.1 %Denmark: -3.2 %Estonia: -2.3 %Spain: 1.2 %Finland: -1.9 %France: -1.5 %Greece: -0.1 %Croatia: 5.8 %Hungary: 1.4 %Ireland: -0.8 %Italy: 0.6 %Lithuania: -3.9 %Luxembourg: -4 %Latvia: -0.5 %Malta: -1.3 %Netherlands: 1.1 %Poland: 4.6 %Portugal: 0.8 %Romania: 5.4 %Sweden: -1.8 %Slovenia: -1.2 %Slovakia: -2.9 %
  • Under -2
  • -2 to -1.3
  • -1.3 to 0
  • 0 to 1.2
  • 1.2 to 3.3
  • 3.3 and over
%, 2022. Red areas are below zero and blue areas above it. Source: Eurostat, Labour productivity and unit labour costs, real labour productivity per hour worked, percentage change on previous period (nama_10_lp_ulc). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2022

Croatia: 5.8 %Croatia5.8Romania: 5.4 %Romania5.4Poland: 4.6 %Poland4.6Cyprus: 3.6 %Cyprus3.6Bulgaria: 3.1 %Bulgaria3.1Austria: 2.8 %Austria2.8Hungary: 1.4 %Hungary1.4Spain: 1.2 %Spain1.2Netherlands: 1.1 %Netherlands1.1Portugal: 0.8 %Portugal0.8Italy: 0.6 %Italy0.6Germany: 0.1 %Germany0.1Greece: -0.1 %Greece-0.1Belgium: -0.5 %Belgium-0.5Latvia: -0.5 %Latvia-0.5Ireland: -0.8 %Ireland-0.8Slovenia: -1.2 %Slovenia-1.2Malta: -1.3 %Malta-1.3Czechia: -1.5 %Czechia-1.5France: -1.5 %France-1.5Sweden: -1.8 %Sweden-1.8Finland: -1.9 %Finland-1.9Estonia: -2.3 %Estonia-2.3Slovakia: -2.9 %Slovakia-2.9Denmark: -3.2 %Denmark-3.2Lithuania: -3.9 %Lithuania-3.9Luxembourg: -4 %Luxembourg-4Croatia: 5.8 %Croatia5.8Romania: 5.4 %Romania5.4Poland: 4.6 %Poland4.6Cyprus: 3.6 %Cyprus3.6Bulgaria: 3.1 %Bulgaria3.1Austria: 2.8 %Austria2.8Hungary: 1.4 %Hungary1.4Spain: 1.2 %Spain1.2Netherlands: 1.1 %Netherlands1.1Portugal: 0.8 %Portugal0.8Italy: 0.6 %Italy0.6Germany: 0.1 %Germany0.1Greece: -0.1 %Greece-0.1Belgium: -0.5 %Belgium-0.5Latvia: -0.5 %Latvia-0.5Ireland: -0.8 %Ireland-0.8Slovenia: -1.2 %Slovenia-1.2Malta: -1.3 %Malta-1.3Czechia: -1.5 %Czechia-1.5France: -1.5 %France-1.5Sweden: -1.8 %Sweden-1.8Finland: -1.9 %Finland-1.9Estonia: -2.3 %Estonia-2.3Slovakia: -2.9 %Slovakia-2.9Denmark: -3.2 %Denmark-3.2Lithuania: -3.9 %Lithuania-3.9Luxembourg: -4 %Luxembourg-4
%. Source: Eurostat, Labour productivity and unit labour costs, real labour productivity per hour worked, percentage change on previous period (nama_10_lp_ulc). Retrieved 2026-10-20.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2022 (%)Change on 2021
1Croatia5.8-5.8 pts
2Romania5.4+4.1 pts
3Poland4.6+3.4 pts
4Cyprus3.6+0.9 pts
5Bulgaria3.1-3.9 pts
6Austria2.8+2.8 pts
7Hungary1.4-1.4 pts
8Spain1.2+1.7 pts
9Netherlands1.1-0.5 pts
10Portugal0.8-0.2 pts
11Italy0.6+1.5 pts
12Germany0.1-1.5 pts
13Greece-0.1+3.1 pts
14Belgium-0.5+1.2 pts
14Latvia-0.5-7 pts
16Ireland-0.8-9.1 pts
17Slovenia-1.2-4.2 pts
18Malta-1.3-11 pts
19Czechia-1.5-1.6 pts
19France-1.5-0.1 pts
21Sweden-1.8-4.4 pts
22Finland-1.9-2.4 pts
23Estonia-2.3-11.2 pts
24Slovakia-2.9-8.4 pts
25Denmark-3.2-3.7 pts
26Lithuania-3.9-6.4 pts
27Luxembourg-4-1.8 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Percentage change from the previous year in real labour productivity per hour worked: gross domestic product in chain-linked volumes divided by total hours worked by all employed people.

From the national accounts (ESA 2010). Ireland's GDP, and with it its productivity, is inflated and made volatile by the activities of multinational companies, notably the move of intellectual property to Ireland in 2015.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Labour productivity and unit labour costs, real labour productivity per hour worked, percentage change on previous period (nama_10_lp_ulc). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_lp_ulc/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-20.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Labour productivity and unit labour costs, real labour productivity per hour worked, percentage change on previous period (nama_10_lp_ulc) (EU countries by real labour productivity per hour worked, annual growth, 2022) [Data set]. Retrieved October 20, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_lp_ulc/default/table

MLA 9

Labour productivity and unit labour costs, real labour productivity per hour worked, percentage change on previous period (nama_10_lp_ulc), EU countries by real labour productivity per hour worked, annual growth, 2022. Eurostat, European Commission, 19 Oct. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_lp_ulc/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/real-labour-productivity-per-hour-growth/eu-countries?period=2022. Accessed 20 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Labour productivity and unit labour costs, real labour productivity per hour worked, percentage change on previous period (nama_10_lp_ulc). EU countries by real labour productivity per hour worked, annual growth, 2022. Dataset. Accessed October 20, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_lp_ulc/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/real-labour-productivity-per-hour-growth/eu-countries?period=2022.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Labour productivity and unit labour costs, real labour productivity per hour worked, percentage change on previous period (nama_10_lp_ulc), EU countries by real labour productivity per hour worked, annual growth, 2022 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_lp_ulc/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/real-labour-productivity-per-hour-growth/eu-countries?period=2022 (Accessed: 20 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_real_2022,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Labour productivity and unit labour costs, real labour productivity per hour worked, percentage change on previous period (nama\_10\_lp\_ulc): EU countries by real labour productivity per hour worked, annual growth, 2022}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_lp_ulc/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-20},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/real-labour-productivity-per-hour-growth/eu-countries?period=2022. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Labour productivity and unit labour costs, real labour productivity per hour worked, percentage change on previous period (nama\_10\_lp\_ulc). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama\_10\_lp\_ulc/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-20.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Labour productivity and unit labour costs, real labour productivity per hour worked, percentage change on previous period (nama_10_lp_ulc): EU countries by real labour productivity per hour worked, annual growth, 2022
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/19
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_lp_ulc/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/real-labour-productivity-per-hour-growth/eu-countries?period=2022
Y2  - 2026/10/20
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/real-labour-productivity-per-hour-growth/eu-countries?period=2022.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Labour productivity and unit labour costs, real labour productivity per hour worked, percentage change on previous period (nama_10_lp_ulc). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_lp_ulc/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-20.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest real labour productivity per hour worked, annual growth?

Croatia, with 5.8% in 2022, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest real labour productivity per hour worked, annual growth?

Luxembourg, with -4% in 2022.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Labour productivity and unit labour costs, real labour productivity per hour worked, percentage change on previous period (nama_10_lp_ulc). Retrieved 2026-10-20.

EU countries: more rankings