Data / Rankings / R&D expenditure share of GDP / Regions of Germany (NUTS 2)

Regions of Germany (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP

Braunschweig had the highest R&D expenditure share of GDP of 36 regions in 2011, at 6.65% of GDP. Koblenz had the lowest, at 0.71% of GDP. The median was 2.16% of GDP and the figure for Germany was 2.75% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest6.65Braunschweig
Lowest0.71Koblenz
Median2.1636 regions
Germany2.75History

All regions, 2011

Braunschweig: 6.65 % of GDPBraunschweig6.65Stuttgart: 6.06 % of GDPStuttgart6.06Tübingen: 4.72 % of GDPTübingen4.72Karlsruhe: 4.13 % of GDPKarlsruhe4.13Oberbayern: 4.13 % of GDPOberbayern4.13Dresden: 4.06 % of GDPDresden4.06Mittelfranken: 3.48 % of GDPMittelfranken3.48Berlin: 3.33 % of GDPBerlin3.33Trier: 3.33 % of GDPTrier3.33Darmstadt: 3.26 % of GDPDarmstadt3.26Köln: 3.1 % of GDPKöln3.1Bremen: 2.75 % of GDPBremen2.75Freiburg: 2.75 % of GDPFreiburg2.75Rheinhessen-Pfalz: 2.6 % of GDPRheinhessen-Pfalz2.6Unterfranken: 2.26 % of GDPUnterfranken2.26Hamburg: 2.21 % of GDPHamburg2.21Hannover: 2.18 % of GDPHannover2.18Gießen: 2.16 % of GDPGießen2.16Leipzig: 2.15 % of GDPLeipzig2.15Thüringen: 2.13 % of GDPThüringen2.13Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: 2.05 % of GDPMecklenburg-Vorpommern2.05Chemnitz: 1.85 % of GDPChemnitz1.85Düsseldorf: 1.83 % of GDPDüsseldorf1.83Detmold: 1.82 % of GDPDetmold1.82Oberfranken: 1.74 % of GDPOberfranken1.74Kassel: 1.72 % of GDPKassel1.72Brandenburg: 1.65 % of GDPBrandenburg1.65Arnsberg: 1.48 % of GDPArnsberg1.48Saarland: 1.48 % of GDPSaarland1.48Sachsen-Anhalt: 1.47 % of GDPSachsen-Anhalt1.47Schleswig-Holstein: 1.42 % of GDPSchleswig-Holstein1.42Schwaben: 1.25 % of GDPSchwaben1.25Münster: 1.04 % of GDPMünster1.04Lüneburg: 0.98 % of GDPLüneburg0.98Weser-Ems: 0.74 % of GDPWeser-Ems0.74Koblenz: 0.71 % of GDPKoblenz0.71Braunschweig: 6.65 % of GDPBraunschweig6.65Stuttgart: 6.06 % of GDPStuttgart6.06Tübingen: 4.72 % of GDPTübingen4.72Karlsruhe: 4.13 % of GDPKarlsruhe4.13Oberbayern: 4.13 % of GDPOberbayern4.13Dresden: 4.06 % of GDPDresden4.06Mittelfranken: 3.48 % of GDPMittelfranken3.48Berlin: 3.33 % of GDPBerlin3.33Trier: 3.33 % of GDPTrier3.33Darmstadt: 3.26 % of GDPDarmstadt3.26Köln: 3.1 % of GDPKöln3.1Bremen: 2.75 % of GDPBremen2.75Freiburg: 2.75 % of GDPFreiburg2.75Rheinhessen-Pfalz: 2.6 % of GDPRheinhessen-Pfalz2.6Unterfranken: 2.26 % of GDPUnterfranken2.26Hamburg: 2.21 % of GDPHamburg2.21Hannover: 2.18 % of GDPHannover2.18Gießen: 2.16 % of GDPGießen2.16Leipzig: 2.15 % of GDPLeipzig2.15Thüringen: 2.13 % of GDPThüringen2.13Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: 2.05 % of GDPMecklenburg-Vorpommern2.05Chemnitz: 1.85 % of GDPChemnitz1.85Düsseldorf: 1.83 % of GDPDüsseldorf1.83Detmold: 1.82 % of GDPDetmold1.82Oberfranken: 1.74 % of GDPOberfranken1.74Kassel: 1.72 % of GDPKassel1.72Brandenburg: 1.65 % of GDPBrandenburg1.65Arnsberg: 1.48 % of GDPArnsberg1.48Saarland: 1.48 % of GDPSaarland1.48Sachsen-Anhalt: 1.47 % of GDPSachsen-Anhalt1.47Schleswig-Holstein: 1.42 % of GDPSchleswig-Holstein1.42Schwaben: 1.25 % of GDPSchwaben1.25Münster: 1.04 % of GDPMünster1.04Lüneburg: 0.98 % of GDPLüneburg0.98Weser-Ems: 0.74 % of GDPWeser-Ems0.74Koblenz: 0.71 % of GDPKoblenz0.71
% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

RankRegions2011
% of GDP
1Braunschweig6.65
2Stuttgart6.06
3Tübingen4.72
4Karlsruhe4.13
4Oberbayern4.13
6Dresden4.06
7Mittelfranken3.48
8Berlin3.33
8Trier3.33
10Darmstadt3.26
11Köln3.1
12Bremen2.75
12Freiburg2.75
14Rheinhessen-Pfalz2.6
15Unterfranken2.26
16Hamburg2.21
17Hannover2.18
18Gießen2.16
19Leipzig2.15
20Thüringen2.13
21Mecklenburg-Vorpommern2.05
22Chemnitz1.85
23Düsseldorf1.83
24Detmold1.82
25Oberfranken1.74
26Kassel1.72
27Brandenburg1.65
28Arnsberg1.48
28Saarland1.48
30Sachsen-Anhalt1.47
31Schleswig-Holstein1.42
32Schwaben1.25
33Münster1.04
34Lüneburg0.98
35Weser-Ems0.74
36Koblenz0.71

Other periods

About this ranking

Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development (GERD) by all sectors (businesses, government, higher education and private non-profit institutions) as a percentage of gross domestic product. Regions are measured against their own regional GDP.

Measured following the OECD Frascati Manual. The EU set a target of 3% of GDP. Eurostat estimates the EU total, and some national years are estimated or provisional.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the regions are compared on one definition. 2 regions with data in other periods have no value for 2011 and are left out rather than filled from another source. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg) (Regions of Germany (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2011) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table

MLA 9

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg), Regions of Germany (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2011. Eurostat, European Commission, 29 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/germany-regions?period=2011. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). Regions of Germany (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2011. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/germany-regions?period=2011.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg), Regions of Germany (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2011 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/germany-regions?period=2011 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_regions_of_germany_nuts_2011,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Gross domestic expenditure on R\&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd\_e\_gerdreg): Regions of Germany (NUTS 2) by R\&D expenditure share of GDP, 2011}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/germany-regions?period=2011. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R\&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd\_e\_gerdreg). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd\_e\_gerdreg/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg): Regions of Germany (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2011
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/29
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/germany-regions?period=2011
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/germany-regions?period=2011.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER  -
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Questions

Which region has the highest R&D expenditure share of GDP?

Braunschweig, with 6.65% of GDP in 2011, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which region has the lowest R&D expenditure share of GDP?

Koblenz, with 0.71% of GDP in 2011.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). Retrieved 2026-10-18. 2 regions have no value for 2011 and are not ranked.

R&D expenditure share of GDP: other rankings

Regions of Germany (NUTS 2): more rankings