Municipalities in Barcelona province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain)
Cardona had the highest population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain) of 307 municipalities in 2023, at 21.8%. Castell de l'Areny had the lowest, at 1.5%. The median was 10.9% and the figure for Barcelona province was 12.8%. Source: INE.
Top 40 municipalities, 2023
Full ranking
Other periods
About this ranking
Residents aged 15 and over whose highest completed level is primary education or less (including people with no formal education, ISCED 0 and 1), as a percentage of all residents aged 15 and over, on 1 January. INE annual census.
Spain only, down to every municipality, from 2021. High in municipalities with older populations.
Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the municipalities are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.
How to cite
Invokely calculation from Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus. Retrieved 2026-10-12.Citation styles
APA 7
Invokely. (n.d.). Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE) (Municipalities in Barcelona province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023) [Data set]. Calculated from data by INE. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus
MLA 9
Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE), Municipalities in Barcelona province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023. Calculated from data by INE. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.
Chicago (author-date)
Invokely. n.d. Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). Municipalities in Barcelona province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023. Dataset. Calculated from data by INE. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus.
Harvard
Invokely (no date) Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE), Municipalities in Barcelona province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023 [Dataset]. Calculated from data by INE. Available at: https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus (Accessed: 12 October 2026).
BibTeX
@misc{invokely_municipalities_in_barcelona_province_2023,
author = {{Invokely}},
title = {{Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE): Municipalities in Barcelona province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023}},
howpublished = {Data set},
url = {https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus},
urldate = {2026-10-12},
note = {Calculated from data by INE. Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/primary-education-or-less-share-spain/barcelona-province-municipalities?period=2023. Publisher attribution: Invokely calculation from Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology\#primary\_or\_less\_share\_15\_plus. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY - DATA
AU - Invokely
TI - Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE): Municipalities in Barcelona province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023
PB - Invokely
DB - Invokely
UR - https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus
L2 - https://invokely.ai/rankings/primary-education-or-less-share-spain/barcelona-province-municipalities?period=2023
Y2 - 2026/10/12
N1 - Calculated from data by INE.
N1 - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/primary-education-or-less-share-spain/barcelona-province-municipalities?period=2023.
N1 - Publisher attribution: Invokely calculation from Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER -
Use this data in your AI agent
Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:
Rank Municipalities in Barcelona province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain) using official data, and cite the source.
rank_places {"indicator":"primary_or_less_share_15_plus","level":"municipality","within":"Barcelona","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=primary_or_less_share_15_plus&level=municipality&within=Barcelona&limit=10Questions
Which municipality has the highest population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain)?
Cardona, with 21.8% in 2023, according to INE.
Which municipality has the lowest population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain)?
Castell de l'Areny, with 1.5% in 2023.
Where does this ranking come from?
Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Invokely, Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). Retrieved 2026-10-12.
Population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain): other rankings
- Municipalities in Aragon
- Municipalities in Canary Islands
- Municipalities in Galicia
- EU regions (NUTS 2)
- Provinces of Spain
- Autonomous communities of Spain