Data / Rankings / Per capita income (US five-year survey estimate) / US states

US states by per capita income (US five-year survey estimate)

District of Columbia had the highest per capita income (US five-year survey estimate) of 51 states in 2023, at $75,253. Mississippi had the lowest, at $30,529. The median was $40,736 and the figure for the United States was $43,289. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest75,253District of Columbia
Lowest30,529Mississippi
Median40,73651 states
United States43,289History

Map of states, 2023

Alabama: 34,835 USDAlaska: 44,928 USDArizona: 40,736 USDArkansas: 33,147 USDCalifornia: 47,977 USDColorado: 50,489 USDConnecticut: 54,409 USDDelaware: 44,219 USDDistrict of Columbia: 75,253 USDFlorida: 41,055 USDGeorgia: 39,525 USDHawaii: 44,823 USDIdaho: 37,169 USDIllinois: 45,104 USDIndiana: 37,178 USDIowa: 39,728 USDKansas: 39,638 USDKentucky: 34,960 USDLouisiana: 34,211 USDMaine: 42,035 USDMaryland: 51,689 USDMassachusetts: 56,284 USDMichigan: 39,538 USDMinnesota: 46,957 USDMississippi: 30,529 USDMissouri: 38,497 USDMontana: 39,842 USDNebraska: 40,637 USDNevada: 39,963 USDNew Hampshire: 50,867 USDNew Jersey: 53,118 USDNew Mexico: 34,823 USDNew York: 49,520 USDNorth Carolina: 39,616 USDNorth Dakota: 42,474 USDOhio: 39,455 USDOklahoma: 34,859 USDOregon: 44,063 USDPennsylvania: 43,104 USDRhode Island: 45,919 USDSouth Carolina: 37,993 USDSouth Dakota: 38,880 USDTennessee: 37,866 USDTexas: 39,446 USDUtah: 39,240 USDVermont: 44,365 USDVirginia: 49,217 USDWashington: 51,493 USDWest Virginia: 32,949 USDWisconsin: 42,019 USDWyoming: 41,006 USD
  • Under 37K
  • 37K to 40K
  • 40K to 41K
  • 41K to 44K
  • 44K to 49K
  • 49K and over
USD, 2023. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19301: per capita income in the past 12 months, in inflation-adjusted dollars of the final year. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2023

District of Columbia: 75,253 USDDistrict of Columbia75,253Massachusetts: 56,284 USDMassachusetts56,284Connecticut: 54,409 USDConnecticut54,409New Jersey: 53,118 USDNew Jersey53,118Maryland: 51,689 USDMaryland51,689Washington: 51,493 USDWashington51,493New Hampshire: 50,867 USDNew Hampshire50,867Colorado: 50,489 USDColorado50,489New York: 49,520 USDNew York49,520Virginia: 49,217 USDVirginia49,217California: 47,977 USDCalifornia47,977Minnesota: 46,957 USDMinnesota46,957Rhode Island: 45,919 USDRhode Island45,919Illinois: 45,104 USDIllinois45,104Alaska: 44,928 USDAlaska44,928Hawaii: 44,823 USDHawaii44,823Vermont: 44,365 USDVermont44,365Delaware: 44,219 USDDelaware44,219Oregon: 44,063 USDOregon44,063Pennsylvania: 43,104 USDPennsylvania43,104North Dakota: 42,474 USDNorth Dakota42,474Maine: 42,035 USDMaine42,035Wisconsin: 42,019 USDWisconsin42,019Florida: 41,055 USDFlorida41,055Wyoming: 41,006 USDWyoming41,006Arizona: 40,736 USDArizona40,736Nebraska: 40,637 USDNebraska40,637Nevada: 39,963 USDNevada39,963Montana: 39,842 USDMontana39,842Iowa: 39,728 USDIowa39,728Kansas: 39,638 USDKansas39,638North Carolina: 39,616 USDNorth Carolina39,616Michigan: 39,538 USDMichigan39,538Georgia: 39,525 USDGeorgia39,525Ohio: 39,455 USDOhio39,455Texas: 39,446 USDTexas39,446Utah: 39,240 USDUtah39,240South Dakota: 38,880 USDSouth Dakota38,880Missouri: 38,497 USDMissouri38,497South Carolina: 37,993 USDSouth Carolina37,993Tennessee: 37,866 USDTennessee37,866Indiana: 37,178 USDIndiana37,178Idaho: 37,169 USDIdaho37,169Kentucky: 34,960 USDKentucky34,960Oklahoma: 34,859 USDOklahoma34,859Alabama: 34,835 USDAlabama34,835New Mexico: 34,823 USDNew Mexico34,823Louisiana: 34,211 USDLouisiana34,211Arkansas: 33,147 USDArkansas33,147West Virginia: 32,949 USDWest Virginia32,949Mississippi: 30,529 USDMississippi30,529District of Columbia: 75,253 USDDistrict of Columbia75,253Massachusetts: 56,284 USDMassachusetts56,284Connecticut: 54,409 USDConnecticut54,409New Jersey: 53,118 USDNew Jersey53,118Maryland: 51,689 USDMaryland51,689Washington: 51,493 USDWashington51,493New Hampshire: 50,867 USDNew Hampshire50,867Colorado: 50,489 USDColorado50,489New York: 49,520 USDNew York49,520Virginia: 49,217 USDVirginia49,217California: 47,977 USDCalifornia47,977Minnesota: 46,957 USDMinnesota46,957Rhode Island: 45,919 USDRhode Island45,919Illinois: 45,104 USDIllinois45,104Alaska: 44,928 USDAlaska44,928Hawaii: 44,823 USDHawaii44,823Vermont: 44,365 USDVermont44,365Delaware: 44,219 USDDelaware44,219Oregon: 44,063 USDOregon44,063Pennsylvania: 43,104 USDPennsylvania43,104North Dakota: 42,474 USDNorth Dakota42,474Maine: 42,035 USDMaine42,035Wisconsin: 42,019 USDWisconsin42,019Florida: 41,055 USDFlorida41,055Wyoming: 41,006 USDWyoming41,006Arizona: 40,736 USDArizona40,736Nebraska: 40,637 USDNebraska40,637Nevada: 39,963 USDNevada39,963Montana: 39,842 USDMontana39,842Iowa: 39,728 USDIowa39,728Kansas: 39,638 USDKansas39,638North Carolina: 39,616 USDNorth Carolina39,616Michigan: 39,538 USDMichigan39,538Georgia: 39,525 USDGeorgia39,525Ohio: 39,455 USDOhio39,455Texas: 39,446 USDTexas39,446Utah: 39,240 USDUtah39,240South Dakota: 38,880 USDSouth Dakota38,880Missouri: 38,497 USDMissouri38,497South Carolina: 37,993 USDSouth Carolina37,993Tennessee: 37,866 USDTennessee37,866Indiana: 37,178 USDIndiana37,178Idaho: 37,169 USDIdaho37,169Kentucky: 34,960 USDKentucky34,960Oklahoma: 34,859 USDOklahoma34,859Alabama: 34,835 USDAlabama34,835New Mexico: 34,823 USDNew Mexico34,823Louisiana: 34,211 USDLouisiana34,211Arkansas: 33,147 USDArkansas33,147West Virginia: 32,949 USDWest Virginia32,949Mississippi: 30,529 USDMississippi30,529
USD. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19301: per capita income in the past 12 months, in inflation-adjusted dollars of the final year. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2023
USD		Change on 2022
1District of Columbia75,253+5.5%
2Massachusetts56,284+5.2%
3Connecticut54,409+4.6%
4New Jersey53,118+4.2%
5Maryland51,689+3.7%
6Washington51,493+5.8%
7New Hampshire50,867+5.4%
8Colorado50,489+6.6%
9New York49,520+5%
10Virginia49,217+4.3%
11California47,977+5.2%
12Minnesota46,957+4.5%
13Rhode Island45,919+6%
14Illinois45,104+4.4%
15Alaska44,928+4.9%
16Hawaii44,823+5%
17Vermont44,365+6.4%
18Delaware44,219+4.8%
19Oregon44,063+5.4%
20Pennsylvania43,104+4.5%
21North Dakota42,474+4.2%
22Maine42,035+5.8%
23Wisconsin42,019+4.7%
24Florida41,055+5.7%
25Wyoming41,006+3.7%
26Arizona40,736+6.3%
27Nebraska40,637+5.3%
28Nevada39,963+5.3%
29Montana39,842+5.3%
30Iowa39,728+4.7%
31Kansas39,638+4%
32North Carolina39,616+5.2%
33Michigan39,538+4.2%
34Georgia39,525+4.5%
35Ohio39,455+4.6%
36Texas39,446+5.2%
37Utah39,240+6%
38South Dakota38,880+5.5%
39Missouri38,497+4.7%
40South Carolina37,993+5.3%
41Tennessee37,866+5.1%
42Indiana37,178+4.5%
43Idaho37,169+6.4%
44Kentucky34,960+4.3%
45Oklahoma34,859+3.7%
46Alabama34,835+4.5%
47New Mexico34,823+6.6%
48Louisiana34,211+3.7%
49Arkansas33,147+4%
50West Virginia32,949+4.7%
51Mississippi30,529+4.5%

Other periods

About this ranking

Total money income received in the past 12 months by people aged 15 and over, divided by the total population, including children, in US dollars adjusted to the last year of the period. United States: American Community Survey five-year estimate, where the period shown is the last year of the five-year span.

Survey-reported money income before taxes. Lower than BEA per_capita_personal_income, which also counts employer contributions, imputed income and government transfers in kind.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19301: per capita income in the past 12 months, in inflation-adjusted dollars of the final year. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b19301.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2026). American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19301: per capita income in the past 12 months, in inflation-adjusted dollars of the final year (US states by per capita income (US five-year survey estimate), 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b19301.dat

MLA 9

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19301: per capita income in the past 12 months, in inflation-adjusted dollars of the final year, US states by per capita income (US five-year survey estimate), 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 29 Jan. 2026, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b19301.dat. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/per-capita-income-acs/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2026. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19301: per capita income in the past 12 months, in inflation-adjusted dollars of the final year. US states by per capita income (US five-year survey estimate), 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b19301.dat. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/per-capita-income-acs/us-states?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2026) American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19301: per capita income in the past 12 months, in inflation-adjusted dollars of the final year, US states by per capita income (US five-year survey estimate), 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b19301.dat, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/per-capita-income-acs/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_per_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19301: per capita income in the past 12 months, in inflation-adjusted dollars of the final year: US states by per capita income (US five-year survey estimate), 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b19301.dat},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/per-capita-income-acs/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19301: per capita income in the past 12 months, in inflation-adjusted dollars of the final year. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary\_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b19301.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19301: per capita income in the past 12 months, in inflation-adjusted dollars of the final year: US states by per capita income (US five-year survey estimate), 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/01/29
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b19301.dat
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/per-capita-income-acs/us-states?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/per-capita-income-acs/us-states?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19301: per capita income in the past 12 months, in inflation-adjusted dollars of the final year. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b19301.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest per capita income (US five-year survey estimate)?

District of Columbia, with $75,253 in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest per capita income (US five-year survey estimate)?

Mississippi, with $30,529 in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19301: per capita income in the past 12 months, in inflation-adjusted dollars of the final year. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Per capita income (US five-year survey estimate): other rankings

US states: more rankings