US states by nonemployer business receipts: real estate, rental and leasing

California had the highest nonemployer business receipts: real estate, rental and leasing of 51 states in 2016, at $41.46 billion. Vermont had the lowest, at $520.68 million. The median was $3 billion and the figure for the United States was $266.04 billion. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

Highest41,463.4California

Lowest520.7Vermont

Median3,00151 states

United States266,036.7History

Map of states, 2016

Under 1,000
1,000 to 1,600
1,600 to 3,000
3,000 to 4,800
4,800 to 7,200
7,200 and over

USD million, 2016. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2016

USD million. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2016 USD million	Change on 2015
1	California	41,463.4	+2.9%
2	New York	24,965.7	+3.5%
3	Texas	18,484	-0.3%
4	Florida	17,969.5	-5.4%
5	New Jersey	10,340.4	+4.2%
6	Illinois	9,634.5	+1.6%
7	Pennsylvania	8,978.9	+3.5%
8	Ohio	7,919.5	+2.7%
9	Michigan	7,288.1	+3%
10	North Carolina	6,877.6	+4.5%
11	Massachusetts	6,560.8	+4.7%
12	Washington	6,455.9	+4.1%
13	Georgia	6,338.9	+1.6%
14	Virginia	6,157.7	+3.7%
15	Colorado	6,068	+4.1%
16	Maryland	5,031.6	+3.8%
17	Arizona	4,942.7	+2.3%
18	Minnesota	4,693.6	+3.7%
19	Missouri	4,369.9	+3.6%
20	Tennessee	4,299.7	+5.6%
21	Wisconsin	4,061.2	+2.5%
22	Indiana	3,912.4	+2.7%
23	Connecticut	3,689.4	+2.2%
24	Oregon	3,683.3	+5.1%
25	South Carolina	3,104.6	+4.7%
26	Louisiana	3,001	+4.4%
27	Utah	2,992	+5.5%
28	Alabama	2,860	+3.1%
29	Nevada	2,745.9	+3.4%
30	Kentucky	2,538.4	+3.4%
31	Oklahoma	2,253.6	+1.9%
32	Iowa	2,172.7	+3%
33	Kansas	1,983.6	+3.2%
34	Arkansas	1,637.8	+4.4%
35	Nebraska	1,520.7	+2.6%
36	Idaho	1,429.3	+6.1%
37	Mississippi	1,408.6	+2.9%
38	New Hampshire	1,276.9	+5%
39	Hawaii	1,180.4	+4.7%
40	New Mexico	1,055.9	+1.1%
41	Maine	1,033	+3%
42	Delaware	1,027.5	+5.2%
43	Montana	966.8	+0.7%
44	Rhode Island	905.2	+1.4%
45	North Dakota	834.7	-1.3%
46	South Dakota	826.4	+0.7%
47	District of Columbia	727.1	+5%
48	West Virginia	686.5	-0.1%
49	Wyoming	625	-1.3%
50	Alaska	535.7	+0.3%
51	Vermont	520.7	+2.5%

Other periods

About this ranking

Receipts of businesses without paid employees in real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), in millions of current US dollars, from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year. Receipts are published in thousands of dollars with noise added to protect individual businesses, and are not adjusted for inflation.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2018). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), all legal forms and receipts sizes (US states by nonemployer business receipts: real estate, rental and leasing, 2016) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: real estate, rental and leasing, 2016. U.S. Census Bureau, 21 June 2018, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-real-estate/us-states?period=2016. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2018. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), all legal forms and receipts sizes. US states by nonemployer business receipts: real estate, rental and leasing, 2016. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-real-estate/us-states?period=2016.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2018) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: real estate, rental and leasing, 2016 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-real-estate/us-states?period=2016 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2016,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: real estate, rental and leasing, 2016}},
  year = {2018},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-real-estate/us-states?period=2016. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: real estate, rental and leasing, 2016
PY  - 2018
DA  - 2018/06/21
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-real-estate/us-states?period=2016
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-real-estate/us-states?period=2016.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2016/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer business receipts: real estate, rental and leasing?

California, with $41.46 billion in 2016, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer business receipts: real estate, rental and leasing?

Vermont, with $520.68 million in 2016.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), real estate and rental and leasing (NAICS 53), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.