Data / Rankings / Nonemployer businesses: transportation and warehousing / US states

US states by nonemployer businesses: transportation and warehousing

California had the highest nonemployer businesses: transportation and warehousing of 51 states in 2023, at 521,050. Vermont had the lowest, at 2,659. The median was 40,376 and the figure for the United States was 4.06 million. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest521,050California
Lowest2,659Vermont
Median40,37651 states
United States4,057,127History

Map of states, 2023

Alabama: 34,463 countAlaska: 6,707 countArizona: 76,822 countArkansas: 22,129 countCalifornia: 521,050 countColorado: 70,024 countConnecticut: 35,781 countDelaware: 12,158 countDistrict of Columbia: 7,846 countFlorida: 441,788 countGeorgia: 143,570 countHawaii: 11,522 countIdaho: 14,935 countIllinois: 199,972 countIndiana: 67,287 countIowa: 23,271 countKansas: 22,003 countKentucky: 40,376 countLouisiana: 41,155 countMaine: 7,622 countMaryland: 92,953 countMassachusetts: 92,812 countMichigan: 89,316 countMinnesota: 65,257 countMississippi: 22,838 countMissouri: 58,614 countMontana: 7,044 countNebraska: 17,204 countNevada: 49,246 countNew Hampshire: 7,945 countNew Jersey: 148,046 countNew Mexico: 14,555 countNew York: 323,344 countNorth Carolina: 104,360 countNorth Dakota: 6,416 countOhio: 125,005 countOklahoma: 31,359 countOregon: 37,221 countPennsylvania: 126,525 countRhode Island: 14,179 countSouth Carolina: 50,147 countSouth Dakota: 6,484 countTennessee: 70,120 countTexas: 417,509 countUtah: 29,416 countVermont: 2,659 countVirginia: 107,183 countWashington: 81,477 countWest Virginia: 9,428 countWisconsin: 43,816 countWyoming: 4,168 count
  • Under 8,000
  • 8,000 to 22K
  • 22K to 40K
  • 40K to 70K
  • 70K to 120K
  • 120K and over
count, 2023. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), all legal forms. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2023

California: 521,050 countCalifornia521,050Florida: 441,788 countFlorida441,788Texas: 417,509 countTexas417,509New York: 323,344 countNew York323,344Illinois: 199,972 countIllinois199,972New Jersey: 148,046 countNew Jersey148,046Georgia: 143,570 countGeorgia143,570Pennsylvania: 126,525 countPennsylvania126,525Ohio: 125,005 countOhio125,005Virginia: 107,183 countVirginia107,183North Carolina: 104,360 countNorth Carolina104,360Maryland: 92,953 countMaryland92,953Massachusetts: 92,812 countMassachusetts92,812Michigan: 89,316 countMichigan89,316Washington: 81,477 countWashington81,477Arizona: 76,822 countArizona76,822Tennessee: 70,120 countTennessee70,120Colorado: 70,024 countColorado70,024Indiana: 67,287 countIndiana67,287Minnesota: 65,257 countMinnesota65,257Missouri: 58,614 countMissouri58,614South Carolina: 50,147 countSouth Carolina50,147Nevada: 49,246 countNevada49,246Wisconsin: 43,816 countWisconsin43,816Louisiana: 41,155 countLouisiana41,155Kentucky: 40,376 countKentucky40,376Oregon: 37,221 countOregon37,221Connecticut: 35,781 countConnecticut35,781Alabama: 34,463 countAlabama34,463Oklahoma: 31,359 countOklahoma31,359Utah: 29,416 countUtah29,416Iowa: 23,271 countIowa23,271Mississippi: 22,838 countMississippi22,838Arkansas: 22,129 countArkansas22,129Kansas: 22,003 countKansas22,003Nebraska: 17,204 countNebraska17,204Idaho: 14,935 countIdaho14,935New Mexico: 14,555 countNew Mexico14,555Rhode Island: 14,179 countRhode Island14,179Delaware: 12,158 countDelaware12,158Hawaii: 11,522 countHawaii11,522West Virginia: 9,428 countWest Virginia9,428New Hampshire: 7,945 countNew Hampshire7,945District of Columbia: 7,846 countDistrict of Columbia7,846Maine: 7,622 countMaine7,622Montana: 7,044 countMontana7,044Alaska: 6,707 countAlaska6,707South Dakota: 6,484 countSouth Dakota6,484North Dakota: 6,416 countNorth Dakota6,416Wyoming: 4,168 countWyoming4,168Vermont: 2,659 countVermont2,659California: 521,050 countCalifornia521,050Florida: 441,788 countFlorida441,788Texas: 417,509 countTexas417,509New York: 323,344 countNew York323,344Illinois: 199,972 countIllinois199,972New Jersey: 148,046 countNew Jersey148,046Georgia: 143,570 countGeorgia143,570Pennsylvania: 126,525 countPennsylvania126,525Ohio: 125,005 countOhio125,005Virginia: 107,183 countVirginia107,183North Carolina: 104,360 countNorth Carolina104,360Maryland: 92,953 countMaryland92,953Massachusetts: 92,812 countMassachusetts92,812Michigan: 89,316 countMichigan89,316Washington: 81,477 countWashington81,477Arizona: 76,822 countArizona76,822Tennessee: 70,120 countTennessee70,120Colorado: 70,024 countColorado70,024Indiana: 67,287 countIndiana67,287Minnesota: 65,257 countMinnesota65,257Missouri: 58,614 countMissouri58,614South Carolina: 50,147 countSouth Carolina50,147Nevada: 49,246 countNevada49,246Wisconsin: 43,816 countWisconsin43,816Louisiana: 41,155 countLouisiana41,155Kentucky: 40,376 countKentucky40,376Oregon: 37,221 countOregon37,221Connecticut: 35,781 countConnecticut35,781Alabama: 34,463 countAlabama34,463Oklahoma: 31,359 countOklahoma31,359Utah: 29,416 countUtah29,416Iowa: 23,271 countIowa23,271Mississippi: 22,838 countMississippi22,838Arkansas: 22,129 countArkansas22,129Kansas: 22,003 countKansas22,003Nebraska: 17,204 countNebraska17,204Idaho: 14,935 countIdaho14,935New Mexico: 14,555 countNew Mexico14,555Rhode Island: 14,179 countRhode Island14,179Delaware: 12,158 countDelaware12,158Hawaii: 11,522 countHawaii11,522West Virginia: 9,428 countWest Virginia9,428New Hampshire: 7,945 countNew Hampshire7,945District of Columbia: 7,846 countDistrict of Columbia7,846Maine: 7,622 countMaine7,622Montana: 7,044 countMontana7,044Alaska: 6,707 countAlaska6,707South Dakota: 6,484 countSouth Dakota6,484North Dakota: 6,416 countNorth Dakota6,416Wyoming: 4,168 countWyoming4,168Vermont: 2,659 countVermont2,659
count. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2023
count		Change on 2022
1California521,050+1.7%
2Florida441,788+8.8%
3Texas417,509+5.5%
4New York323,344+6.9%
5Illinois199,972+4.2%
6New Jersey148,046+6.5%
7Georgia143,570-2.7%
8Pennsylvania126,525+5.5%
9Ohio125,005+2.1%
10Virginia107,183+7.9%
11North Carolina104,360+6.5%
12Maryland92,953+5.6%
13Massachusetts92,812+12.2%
14Michigan89,316+0.2%
15Washington81,477+3.7%
16Arizona76,822+4.8%
17Tennessee70,120+5.4%
18Colorado70,024+8.5%
19Indiana67,287+3%
20Minnesota65,257+6.1%
21Missouri58,614+7.8%
22South Carolina50,147+6.4%
23Nevada49,246+6%
24Wisconsin43,816+9.2%
25Louisiana41,155+0.7%
26Kentucky40,376+9.9%
27Oregon37,221+10%
28Connecticut35,781+8.6%
29Alabama34,463+1.4%
30Oklahoma31,359+6.4%
31Utah29,416+9%
32Iowa23,271+4.8%
33Mississippi22,838+0.2%
34Arkansas22,129+6.4%
35Kansas22,003+8.7%
36Nebraska17,204+8.2%
37Idaho14,935+6.9%
38New Mexico14,555+4.7%
39Rhode Island14,179+8.6%
40Delaware12,158+5.9%
41Hawaii11,522+4.5%
42West Virginia9,428+7.5%
43New Hampshire7,945+6.7%
44District of Columbia7,846-2.1%
45Maine7,622+7.3%
46Montana7,044+10.7%
47Alaska6,707+6.3%
48South Dakota6,484+7.8%
49North Dakota6,416+9.6%
50Wyoming4,168+9.7%
51Vermont2,659+6%

Other periods

About this ranking

Number of businesses without paid employees in transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2025). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), all legal forms (US states by nonemployer businesses: transportation and warehousing, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: transportation and warehousing, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 15 May 2025, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-transportation-warehousing/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2025. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), all legal forms. US states by nonemployer businesses: transportation and warehousing, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-transportation-warehousing/us-states?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2025) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: transportation and warehousing, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-transportation-warehousing/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: transportation and warehousing, 2023}},
  year = {2025},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-transportation-warehousing/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: transportation and warehousing, 2023
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/05/15
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-transportation-warehousing/us-states?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-transportation-warehousing/us-states?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer businesses: transportation and warehousing?

California, with 521,050 in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer businesses: transportation and warehousing?

Vermont, with 2,659 in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), transportation and warehousing (NAICS 48-49), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

US states: more rankings