US cities by foreign-born share of the population
Hialeah, FL had the highest foreign-born share of the population of 3214 cities in 2022, at 74.1%. Prichard, AL had the lowest, at 0%. The median was 8.6% and the figure for the United States was 13.7%. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.
Top 40 cities, 2022
Full ranking
| Rank | Cities | 2022 (%) | Change on 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hialeah, FL | 74.1 | -0 pts |
| 2 | Sweetwater, FL | 73.8 | 0 pts |
| 3 | Hialeah Gardens, FL | 70.9 | +0.2 pts |
| 4 | Doral, FL | 70.4 | +2.3 pts |
| 5 | Sunny Isles Beach, FL | 62.5 | -0.9 pts |
| 6 | Palisades Park, NJ | 60.2 | -0 pts |
| 7 | West New York, NJ | 59.1 | +0.5 pts |
| 8 | Miami, FL | 57.9 | -0.2 pts |
| 9 | Key Biscayne, FL | 57.2 | +0.2 pts |
| 10 | Rosemead, CA | 56.2 | -0.8 pts |
| 11 | Miami Beach, FL | 55.2 | +0.1 pts |
| 12 | Guttenberg, NJ | 55 | -0.1 pts |
| 13 | North Miami, FL | 54.8 | -0.6 pts |
| 14 | Union City, NJ | 54.6 | -0.3 pts |
| 15 | North Miami Beach, FL | 54 | -1.1 pts |
| 16 | San Gabriel, CA | 53.9 | -0.2 pts |
| 17 | Cupertino, CA | 53.9 | +0.4 pts |
| 18 | Harrison, NJ | 53.8 | -2.3 pts |
| 19 | Mendota, CA | 53.7 | +1.4 pts |
| 20 | Milpitas, CA | 53.7 | +2.4 pts |
| 21 | Monterey Park, CA | 51.5 | -0.9 pts |
| 22 | Weston, FL | 51.5 | +2.9 pts |
| 23 | Aventura, FL | 51.4 | +0.5 pts |
| 24 | Edgewater, NJ | 51.2 | +0.5 pts |
| 25 | Glendale, CA | 51.1 | -0.9 pts |
| 26 | Daly City, CA | 50.6 | -0.1 pts |
| 27 | Fort Lee, NJ | 50.4 | +1.8 pts |
| 28 | Temple City, CA | 50.3 | +0.1 pts |
| 29 | Palm Springs, FL | 50.2 | +2 pts |
| 30 | Dover, NJ | 50.1 | +2.6 pts |
| 31 | Hallandale Beach, FL | 49.6 | +1.1 pts |
| 32 | Miami Lakes, FL | 49.5 | -0.4 pts |
| 33 | Walnut, CA | 49.4 | +0.7 pts |
| 34 | Sunnyvale, CA | 49.4 | 0 pts |
| 35 | Elizabeth, NJ | 49.2 | +1.1 pts |
| 36 | El Monte, CA | 49.2 | +0.8 pts |
| 37 | Fremont, CA | 48.8 | +0.1 pts |
| 38 | Maywood, CA | 48.7 | +0.3 pts |
| 39 | Artesia, CA | 48.5 | +2.4 pts |
| 39 | Miami Springs, FL | 48.5 | -1.3 pts |
| 41 | Foster City, CA | 48 | -0.2 pts |
| 42 | Lauderdale Lakes, FL | 47.8 | -1.1 pts |
| 43 | North Lauderdale, FL | 47.8 | +0.9 pts |
| 44 | San Marino, CA | 47.3 | +1.3 pts |
| 44 | Wallington, NJ | 47.3 | -1.6 pts |
| 46 | Fairview, NJ | 47.3 | -3.4 pts |
| 47 | Union City, CA | 47.3 | -0.4 pts |
| 48 | Chelsea, MA | 47 | -0.2 pts |
| 49 | Garfield, NJ | 46.6 | +0.7 pts |
| 50 | Cliffside Park, NJ | 46.5 | -1.4 pts |
| 51 | Perth Amboy, NJ | 46.4 | -0.2 pts |
| 52 | Alhambra, CA | 46.2 | -0.9 pts |
| 53 | Huntington Park, CA | 46.2 | +0.3 pts |
| 54 | Kearny, NJ | 45.9 | -0.6 pts |
| 55 | Wheeling, IL | 45.8 | +2.5 pts |
| 56 | Schiller Park, IL | 45.8 | -2.5 pts |
| 57 | Diamond Bar, CA | 45.2 | -0.7 pts |
| 58 | Santa Clara, CA | 45.1 | +1 pts |
| 59 | San Luis, AZ | 45.1 | +0.7 pts |
| 60 | Everett, MA | 45 | +1.8 pts |
| 61 | Nogales, AZ | 44.7 | +3.4 pts |
| 62 | Westminster, CA | 44.6 | +0.2 pts |
| 63 | South El Monte, CA | 44.6 | -0.1 pts |
| 64 | Secaucus, NJ | 44.6 | +4.2 pts |
| 65 | Baldwin Park, CA | 44.5 | +0.1 pts |
| 66 | Ridgefield, NJ | 44.2 | -0.6 pts |
| 67 | South Miami, FL | 44.2 | +0.9 pts |
| 68 | Garden Grove, CA | 43.9 | +0.1 pts |
| 69 | Revere, MA | 43.9 | +2.9 pts |
| 70 | Saratoga, CA | 43.9 | +0.9 pts |
| 71 | Paterson, NJ | 43.7 | +0.1 pts |
| 72 | Arcadia, CA | 43.6 | -2.5 pts |
| 73 | Calexico, CA | 43.6 | -1.1 pts |
| 74 | King City, CA | 43.4 | -1.8 pts |
| 75 | Cudahy, CA | 43.4 | 0 pts |
| 76 | Port Chester, NY | 43.1 | -2.4 pts |
| 77 | Lawrence, MA | 43 | +1.8 pts |
| 78 | Redmond, WA | 42.9 | +0.4 pts |
| 79 | Cutler Bay, FL | 42.7 | -0.3 pts |
| 80 | Niles, IL | 42.6 | +1.5 pts |
| 81 | Cerritos, CA | 42.4 | +0.4 pts |
| 82 | Greenacres, FL | 42.4 | +0.8 pts |
| 83 | Hackensack, NJ | 42.4 | +2.2 pts |
| 84 | Hamtramck, MI | 42.4 | +0.5 pts |
| 85 | Sunrise, FL | 42.3 | +0.2 pts |
| 86 | Newark, CA | 42.3 | +3.6 pts |
| 87 | Passaic, NJ | 42.2 | +1.5 pts |
| 88 | Little Ferry, NJ | 42.2 | +1.3 pts |
| 89 | Mountain View, CA | 41.9 | -0.7 pts |
| 90 | Herndon, VA | 41.8 | -2.2 pts |
| 91 | Bell, CA | 41.7 | -1.1 pts |
| 92 | South Gate, CA | 41.6 | -0.5 pts |
| 93 | Stanton, CA | 41.5 | -0.1 pts |
| 94 | Lake Worth Beach, FL | 41.5 | +2 pts |
| 95 | Doraville, GA | 41.3 | +0.4 pts |
| 96 | Bell Gardens, CA | 41.2 | -0.1 pts |
| 97 | Malden, MA | 41.2 | -1.2 pts |
| 98 | Jersey City, NJ | 41.2 | -0.4 pts |
| 99 | Gaithersburg, MD | 41.1 | +2.8 pts |
| 99 | Lodi, NJ | 41.1 | -0.6 pts |
| 101 | Irving, TX | 41.1 | +1 pts |
| 102 | Coachella, CA | 41 | +0.1 pts |
| 103 | San Jose, CA | 41 | +0.3 pts |
| 104 | Greenfield, CA | 41 | -0.1 pts |
| 105 | Santa Ana, CA | 40.9 | -0.8 pts |
| 106 | West Park, FL | 40.9 | +1.6 pts |
| 107 | Bellevue, WA | 40.7 | +0.8 pts |
| 108 | East Palo Alto, CA | 40.6 | -2.5 pts |
| 109 | North Plainfield, NJ | 40.5 | +0.7 pts |
| 110 | Summit, IL | 40.4 | +0.2 pts |
| 111 | La Puente, CA | 40.4 | -0.5 pts |
| 112 | Hayward, CA | 40.4 | +1.6 pts |
| 113 | Lexington, NE | 40.3 | -1.1 pts |
| 114 | Lawndale, CA | 40.1 | -0.2 pts |
| 115 | Tukwila, WA | 40 | +0.9 pts |
| 116 | Dublin, CA | 40 | +0.3 pts |
| 117 | Clarkston, GA | 40 | -9.5 pts |
| 118 | Millbrae, CA | 39.7 | +0.8 pts |
| 119 | Irvine, CA | 39.6 | +0.1 pts |
| 120 | San Pablo, CA | 39.5 | -1.7 pts |
| 121 | Central Falls, RI | 39.4 | +1.2 pts |
| 122 | Sleepy Hollow, NY | 39.3 | -1 pts |
| 123 | Livingston, CA | 39.3 | +0.6 pts |
| 124 | Plainfield, NJ | 39.3 | +2.1 pts |
| 125 | Mountain House, CA | 39.1 | +2.6 pts |
| 126 | New Carrollton, MD | 39 | -3.3 pts |
| 127 | Coral Gables, FL | 39 | +0.2 pts |
| 128 | South San Francisco, CA | 38.9 | -0.6 pts |
| 129 | SeaTac, WA | 38.8 | -0.1 pts |
| 130 | Bergenfield, NJ | 38.7 | +2 pts |
| 131 | Cicero, IL | 38.7 | -0.1 pts |
| 132 | Miramar, FL | 38.7 | +1.2 pts |
| 133 | Hempstead, NY | 38.4 | -0.3 pts |
| 134 | Prospect Heights, IL | 38.4 | +0.4 pts |
| 135 | Skokie, IL | 38.3 | +1.4 pts |
| 136 | Lynwood, CA | 38.3 | +0.1 pts |
| 137 | National City, CA | 38.3 | -0.6 pts |
| 138 | Valley Stream, NY | 38.3 | +2 pts |
| 139 | Gardena, CA | 38.1 | -0.7 pts |
| 140 | Hidalgo, TX | 38.1 | +1.1 pts |
| 141 | Pembroke Pines, FL | 38.1 | +1.3 pts |
| 142 | Hollywood, FL | 38 | -0.2 pts |
| 143 | Norridge, IL | 38 | +1.5 pts |
| 144 | Homestead, FL | 37.8 | -0.3 pts |
| 145 | Somerton, AZ | 37.8 | -0 pts |
| 146 | Beverly Hills, CA | 37.8 | +1.4 pts |
| 147 | Ridgefield Park, NJ | 37.7 | -0.8 pts |
| 148 | Margate, FL | 37.4 | +1 pts |
| 149 | Deerfield Beach, FL | 37.4 | -0.5 pts |
| 150 | San Leandro, CA | 37.3 | +1.3 pts |
| 151 | Lauderhill, FL | 37.3 | +0.5 pts |
| 152 | San Bruno, CA | 37.2 | -2.5 pts |
| 153 | Tamarac, FL | 37.1 | -0.7 pts |
| 154 | San Ramon, CA | 37 | +0.5 pts |
| 155 | Miami Gardens, FL | 36.9 | +1.4 pts |
| 156 | Parlier, CA | 36.8 | +0.2 pts |
| 157 | Morton Grove, IL | 36.8 | +0.2 pts |
| 158 | Avenal, CA | 36.8 | -2.8 pts |
| 159 | San Fernando, CA | 36.8 | -0.8 pts |
| 160 | Opa-locka, FL | 36.7 | +4.5 pts |
| 161 | Highland Park, NJ | 36.6 | +7.8 pts |
| 162 | Manassas Park, VA | 36.6 | -1.3 pts |
| 163 | Salinas, CA | 36.5 | +0.1 pts |
| 164 | Elmwood Park, NJ | 36.5 | +0.2 pts |
| 165 | Montebello, CA | 36.4 | -0.4 pts |
| 166 | Englewood, NJ | 36.4 | +1.8 pts |
| 167 | New York, NY | 36.3 | +0.1 pts |
| 168 | Clifton, NJ | 36.3 | -0.2 pts |
| 169 | Commerce, CA | 36.3 | -0.2 pts |
| 170 | Paramount, CA | 36.1 | +0.3 pts |
| 171 | Spring Valley, NY | 36.1 | -2.6 pts |
| 172 | Lynn, MA | 36.1 | +0.7 pts |
| 173 | Randolph Town, MA | 36 | -1 pts |
| 174 | Los Angeles, CA | 36 | -0.3 pts |
| 175 | San Mateo, CA | 35.9 | +0.8 pts |
| 176 | Lilburn, GA | 35.8 | +1.7 pts |
| 177 | Buffalo Grove, IL | 35.8 | +2 pts |
| 178 | Hawaiian Gardens, CA | 35.8 | -2 pts |
| 179 | West Covina, CA | 35.8 | -0.5 pts |
| 180 | La Palma, CA | 35.6 | +1.2 pts |
| 181 | Hyattsville, MD | 35.5 | +2.6 pts |
| 182 | Carteret, NJ | 35.5 | +0.5 pts |
| 183 | Glendale Heights, IL | 35.5 | +0.7 pts |
| 184 | Watsonville, CA | 35.5 | -1.9 pts |
| 185 | Delano, CA | 35.4 | +0.4 pts |
| 186 | Sugar Land, TX | 35.2 | +0.5 pts |
| 187 | Hazleton, PA | 35.2 | +1.4 pts |
| 188 | Sammamish, WA | 35.1 | +2 pts |
| 189 | Bound Brook, NJ | 35.1 | +0.5 pts |
| 190 | Palmview, TX | 35 | -0.8 pts |
| 191 | Pleasanton, CA | 35 | +1.1 pts |
| 192 | Hanover Park, IL | 35 | +2.9 pts |
| 192 | Morrisville, NC | 35 | -0.2 pts |
| 194 | Freeport, NY | 34.9 | +2.5 pts |
| 195 | Buena Park, CA | 34.8 | +0.1 pts |
| 196 | Rockville, MD | 34.8 | +1.3 pts |
| 197 | Newark, NJ | 34.7 | +0.8 pts |
| 198 | Melrose Park, IL | 34.7 | +0.3 pts |
| 199 | Carson, CA | 34.7 | -0.7 pts |
| 200 | Anaheim, CA | 34.6 | -0.3 pts |
| 200 | Linden, NJ | 34.6 | +1.3 pts |
| 202 | East Rutherford, NJ | 34.5 | +9.2 pts |
| 203 | Richmond, CA | 34.4 | +0.8 pts |
| 204 | Palo Alto, CA | 34.3 | -0.4 pts |
| 205 | Lincolnwood, IL | 34.2 | +0.6 pts |
| 206 | Roma, TX | 34.2 | -0.6 pts |
| 207 | San Francisco, CA | 33.9 | -0.3 pts |
| 208 | Tenafly, NJ | 33.9 | +0.4 pts |
| 209 | New Brunswick, NJ | 33.8 | +1.7 pts |
| 210 | Coconut Creek, FL | 33.7 | +2.9 pts |
| 211 | Roselle Park, NJ | 33.6 | +0.6 pts |
| 212 | Los Altos, CA | 33.5 | +1.1 pts |
| 213 | Duarte, CA | 33.5 | +0.6 pts |
| 213 | Florida City, FL | 33.5 | +2.3 pts |
| 215 | Oakland Park, FL | 33.3 | +0.6 pts |
| 216 | Oxnard, CA | 33.3 | -0.2 pts |
| 217 | Haverstraw, NY | 33.3 | -5 pts |
| 218 | West Chicago, IL | 33.2 | +1.1 pts |
| 219 | Santa Maria, CA | 33.1 | -0.1 pts |
| 220 | El Cerrito, CA | 33.1 | +0.6 pts |
| 220 | Westbury, NY | 33.1 | -2.9 pts |
| 222 | Ossining, NY | 33.1 | -1 pts |
| 223 | Quincy, MA | 33 | -0 pts |
| 224 | Hoffman Estates, IL | 33 | 0 pts |
| 225 | Emeryville, CA | 32.9 | +0.9 pts |
| 226 | Pomona, CA | 32.9 | -0.6 pts |
| 226 | Socorro, TX | 32.9 | -1.5 pts |
| 228 | Sunnyside, WA | 32.9 | +4.4 pts |
| 229 | Addison, IL | 32.8 | +0.4 pts |
| 230 | Danbury, CT | 32.7 | +0.5 pts |
| 231 | Hawthorne, CA | 32.7 | -0.4 pts |
| 231 | Sayreville, NJ | 32.7 | -0.2 pts |
| 233 | Kissimmee, FL | 32.6 | +3.2 pts |
| 234 | Stamford, CT | 32.6 | +0.5 pts |
| 235 | Vernon Hills, IL | 32.5 | +0.9 pts |
| 236 | Davie, FL | 32.5 | +0.1 pts |
| 237 | Mount Vernon, NY | 32.5 | +1.2 pts |
| 238 | Stafford, TX | 32.5 | +1.4 pts |
| 239 | Chino Hills, CA | 32.4 | +0.9 pts |
| 240 | Hercules, CA | 32.3 | -0.7 pts |
| 241 | Brockton, MA | 32.3 | +0.5 pts |
| 242 | Lindsay, CA | 32.2 | -3.3 pts |
| 243 | Kent, WA | 32.2 | -0 pts |
| 243 | Montclair, CA | 32.2 | +1.4 pts |
| 245 | Franklin Park, IL | 32.1 | +3 pts |
| 245 | Redwood City, CA | 32.1 | 0 pts |
| 247 | North Arlington, NJ | 32.1 | +0.2 pts |
| 248 | Pittsburg, CA | 32.1 | -0.1 pts |
| 249 | Roselle, NJ | 32 | +0.5 pts |
| 250 | Yonkers, NY | 32 | +1 pts |
Other periods
About this ranking
People born outside the country where they live, as a percentage of the total population.
More on how it is measured
- United States: people who were not US citizens at birth, including naturalized citizens, lawful permanent residents, temporary migrants and unauthorized immigrants; American Community Survey five-year estimate, where the period shown is the last year of the five-year span.
- EU countries: residents on 1 January whose country of birth is not the reporting country (Eurostat).
- England and Wales: usual residents born outside the United Kingdom, Census 2021.
Based on place of birth, not nationality: a naturalized citizen counts as foreign born. In the United States people born in Puerto Rico, the US island areas or abroad to American parents count as native; in the EU everyone born outside the reporting country counts as foreign born, including people born in another EU country or abroad to national parents. Not comparable with foreign_population_share, which counts foreign nationals in Spain and the EU.
Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the cities are compared on one definition. 5 cities with data in other periods have no value for 2022 and are left out rather than filled from another source. Equal values share a rank.
How to cite
U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2022/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2022-b05002.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
Citation styles
APA 7
U.S. Census Bureau. (2026). American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more) (US cities by foreign-born share of the population, 2022) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2022/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2022-b05002.dat
MLA 9
American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more), US cities by foreign-born share of the population, 2022. U.S. Census Bureau, 29 Jan. 2026, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2022/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2022-b05002.dat. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/foreign-born-population/us-cities?period=2022. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.
Chicago (author-date)
U.S. Census Bureau. 2026. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). US cities by foreign-born share of the population, 2022. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2022/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2022-b05002.dat. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/foreign-born-population/us-cities?period=2022.
Harvard
U.S. Census Bureau (2026) American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more), US cities by foreign-born share of the population, 2022 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2022/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2022-b05002.dat, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/foreign-born-population/us-cities?period=2022 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).
BibTeX
@misc{census_us_cities_by_foreign_2022,
author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
title = {{American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more): US cities by foreign-born share of the population, 2022}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Data set},
url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2022/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2022-b05002.dat},
urldate = {2026-10-12},
note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/foreign-born-population/us-cities?period=2022. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary\_file/2022/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2022-b05002.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY - DATA
AU - U.S. Census Bureau
TI - American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more): US cities by foreign-born share of the population, 2022
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/01/29
PB - U.S. Census Bureau
DB - Invokely
UR - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2022/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2022-b05002.dat
L2 - https://invokely.ai/rankings/foreign-born-population/us-cities?period=2022
Y2 - 2026/10/12
N1 - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/foreign-born-population/us-cities?period=2022.
N1 - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2022/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2022-b05002.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER -
Use this data in your AI agent
Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:
Rank US cities by foreign-born share of the population using official data, and cite the source.
rank_places {"indicator":"foreign_born_share","level":"municipality","within":"United States","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=foreign_born_share&level=municipality&within=United%20States&limit=10
Questions
Which city has the highest foreign-born share of the population?
Hialeah, FL, with 74.1% in 2022, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
Which city has the lowest foreign-born share of the population?
Prichard, AL, with 0% in 2022.
Where does this ranking come from?
Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). Retrieved 2026-10-12. 5 cities have no value for 2022 and are not ranked.
Foreign-born population share: other rankings
- Cities in Florida
- Cities in Georgia
- Cities in Arizona
- Counties in New Mexico
- Counties in Florida
- Counties in Hawaii
US cities: more rankings
- Graduate or professional degree, population 25 and over
- High school graduate or higher, population 25 and over
- Asian population share
- Residents who moved from another state in the past year
- High blood pressure in adults, local model estimate
- Coronary heart disease in adults, local model estimate
- Frequent mental distress in adults, local model estimate
- Rent-burdened renter households (rent 30 percent or more of income)