Scotland in figures

A profile of Scotland from official statistics: 11 figures in 5 sections, each with its period, its change from a year earlier, its rank among similar places where a ranking exists, and its source.

Figures last updated on 2026-10-12.

People

Population in Scotland was 5.55 million in 2025, up less than 0.1% from 2024.

Population5.55 million2025Up less than 0.1% from 2024
Population aged 65 and over21%2025Up 0.4 percentage points from 2024
5.25M5.3M5.35M5.4M5.45M5.5M5.55M201120142017202020252011: 5,299,900 persons2012: 5,308,200 persons2013: 5,316,800 persons2014: 5,331,400 persons2015: 5,350,600 persons2016: 5,373,600 persons2017: 5,388,200 persons2018: 5,392,100 persons2019: 5,411,200 persons2020: 5,408,900 persons2021: 5,412,900 persons2022: 5,447,000 persons2023: 5,511,800 persons2024: 5,543,300 persons2025: 5,545,500 persons5.2M5.3M5.4M5.5M5.6M20112016202120252011: 5,299,900 persons2012: 5,308,200 persons2013: 5,316,800 persons2014: 5,331,400 persons2015: 5,350,600 persons2016: 5,373,600 persons2017: 5,388,200 persons2018: 5,392,100 persons2019: 5,411,200 persons2020: 5,408,900 persons2021: 5,412,900 persons2022: 5,447,000 persons2023: 5,511,800 persons2024: 5,543,300 persons2025: 5,545,500 persons
Population, 2011 to 2025. persons. Source: Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Population estimates, local authority based by single year of age: all ages, both sexes, mid-year (ONS, Nomis NM_2002_1).

Sources: Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Population estimates, local authority based by single year of age: all ages, both sexes, mid-year (ONS, Nomis NM_2002_1); Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Population estimates, local authority based by single year of age: aged 65 and over, both sexes, percent of all ages, mid-year (ONS, Nomis NM_2002_1). Population and demography statistics and rankings

Work and income

Unemployment rate in Scotland was 5.1% in Q2 2026, up 1.4 percentage points from Q2 2025.

Unemployment rate5.1%Q2 2026Up 1.4 percentage points from Q2 2025
Gross disposable household income (GDHI) per head, pounds sterling£24,2832024, provisionalUp 7.2% from 2023
33.544.555.52016-Q32018-Q12019-Q32021-Q12022-Q32024-Q12026-Q22016-Q3: 4.9 %2016-Q4: 4.7 %2017-Q1: 4.2 %2017-Q2: 3.9 %2017-Q3: 4.2 %2017-Q4: 4.4 %2018-Q1: 4.3 %2018-Q2: 4.1 %2018-Q3: 3.8 %2018-Q4: 3.5 %2019-Q1: 3.3 %2019-Q2: 3.5 %2019-Q3: 3.9 %2019-Q4: 3.5 %2020-Q1: 4.2 %2020-Q2: 4.5 %2020-Q3: 4.6 %2020-Q4: 4.6 %2021-Q1: 4.6 %2021-Q2: 4.4 %2021-Q3: 4.1 %2021-Q4: 4.1 %2022-Q1: 3.3 %2022-Q2: 3.3 %2022-Q3: 3.5 %2022-Q4: 3.5 %2023-Q1: 3.3 %2023-Q2: 4 %2023-Q3: 4.6 %2023-Q4: 4.6 %2024-Q1: 4.3 %2024-Q2: 4.4 %2024-Q3: 3.4 %2024-Q4: 4 %2025-Q1: 4.1 %2025-Q2: 3.7 %2025-Q3: 3.7 %2025-Q4: 3.9 %2026-Q1: 4.4 %2026-Q2: 5.1 %33.544.555.52016-Q32020-Q12023-Q32026-Q22016-Q3: 4.9 %2016-Q4: 4.7 %2017-Q1: 4.2 %2017-Q2: 3.9 %2017-Q3: 4.2 %2017-Q4: 4.4 %2018-Q1: 4.3 %2018-Q2: 4.1 %2018-Q3: 3.8 %2018-Q4: 3.5 %2019-Q1: 3.3 %2019-Q2: 3.5 %2019-Q3: 3.9 %2019-Q4: 3.5 %2020-Q1: 4.2 %2020-Q2: 4.5 %2020-Q3: 4.6 %2020-Q4: 4.6 %2021-Q1: 4.6 %2021-Q2: 4.4 %2021-Q3: 4.1 %2021-Q4: 4.1 %2022-Q1: 3.3 %2022-Q2: 3.3 %2022-Q3: 3.5 %2022-Q4: 3.5 %2023-Q1: 3.3 %2023-Q2: 4 %2023-Q3: 4.6 %2023-Q4: 4.6 %2024-Q1: 4.3 %2024-Q2: 4.4 %2024-Q3: 3.4 %2024-Q4: 4 %2025-Q1: 4.1 %2025-Q2: 3.7 %2025-Q3: 3.7 %2025-Q4: 3.9 %2026-Q1: 4.4 %2026-Q2: 5.1 %
Unemployment rate, Q3 2016 to Q2 2026. %. Source: Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Labour Force Survey, national and regional headline indicators (seasonally adjusted): unemployment rate, aged 16 and over, both sexes (ONS, Nomis NM_59_1).

Sources: Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Labour Force Survey, national and regional headline indicators (seasonally adjusted): unemployment rate, aged 16 and over, both sexes (ONS, Nomis NM_59_1); Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Regional gross disposable household income: all ITL regions, GDHI per head of population at current basic prices, pounds (ONS, Table 3). Labor market statistics and rankings

Economy

Gross domestic product (GDP) in Scotland (pounds sterling) was £218.78 billion (provisional) in 2024, up 5.1% from 2023.

Gross domestic product (GDP), pounds sterling£218.78 billion2024, provisionalUp 5.1% from 2023
GDP per head, pounds sterling£39,4412024, provisionalUp 4.3% from 2023
50K100K150K200K250K20002004200820122016202020242000: 83,384 GBP million2001: 88,124 GBP million2002: 91,487 GBP million2003: 96,836 GBP million2004: 103,225 GBP million2005: 109,275 GBP million2006: 116,797 GBP million2007: 121,871 GBP million2008: 126,904 GBP million2009: 125,540 GBP million2010: 127,124 GBP million2011: 131,541 GBP million2012: 135,588 GBP million2013: 141,744 GBP million2014: 148,634 GBP million2015: 150,277 GBP million2016: 152,830 GBP million2017: 160,416 GBP million2018: 164,279 GBP million2019: 170,761 GBP million2020: 160,474 GBP million2021: 175,074 GBP million2022: 192,649 GBP million2023: 208,199 GBP million2024: 218,777 GBP million50K100K150K200K250K2000200920242000: 83,384 GBP million2001: 88,124 GBP million2002: 91,487 GBP million2003: 96,836 GBP million2004: 103,225 GBP million2005: 109,275 GBP million2006: 116,797 GBP million2007: 121,871 GBP million2008: 126,904 GBP million2009: 125,540 GBP million2010: 127,124 GBP million2011: 131,541 GBP million2012: 135,588 GBP million2013: 141,744 GBP million2014: 148,634 GBP million2015: 150,277 GBP million2016: 152,830 GBP million2017: 160,416 GBP million2018: 164,279 GBP million2019: 170,761 GBP million2020: 160,474 GBP million2021: 175,074 GBP million2022: 192,649 GBP million2023: 208,199 GBP million2024: 218,777 GBP million
Gross domestic product (GDP), pounds sterling, 2000 to 2024. GBP million. Source: Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions, GDP at current market prices, pounds million (ONS, Table 5).

Sources: Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions, GDP at current market prices, pounds million (ONS, Table 5); Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions, GDP per head at current market prices, pounds (ONS, Table 7). Economy statistics and rankings

Prices and housing

Average house price in Scotland (pounds sterling) was £196,349 (provisional) in July 2026, up 2.3% from July 2025.

Average house price, pounds sterling£196,349July 2026, provisionalUp 2.3% from July 2025
House price annual change, monthly2.3%July 2026, provisionalDown 1 percentage point from July 2025
Average monthly private rent, pounds sterling£1,013August 2026, provisionalUp 1.1% from August 2025
160K170K180K190K200K2021-072022-042023-012023-102024-072025-042026-072021-07: 168,799 GBP2021-08: 170,669 GBP2021-09: 170,829 GBP2021-10: 170,955 GBP2021-11: 172,873 GBP2021-12: 169,213 GBP2022-01: 173,589 GBP2022-02: 170,905 GBP2022-03: 171,510 GBP2022-04: 175,109 GBP2022-05: 177,326 GBP2022-06: 181,120 GBP2022-07: 182,979 GBP2022-08: 183,378 GBP2022-09: 181,639 GBP2022-10: 182,341 GBP2022-11: 180,523 GBP2022-12: 175,560 GBP2023-01: 175,092 GBP2023-02: 171,282 GBP2023-03: 173,352 GBP2023-04: 175,512 GBP2023-05: 179,854 GBP2023-06: 177,705 GBP2023-07: 181,013 GBP2023-08: 182,593 GBP2023-09: 180,364 GBP2023-10: 180,051 GBP2023-11: 179,184 GBP2023-12: 176,538 GBP2024-01: 179,248 GBP2024-02: 175,883 GBP2024-03: 177,778 GBP2024-04: 180,647 GBP2024-05: 180,418 GBP2024-06: 181,219 GBP2024-07: 185,882 GBP2024-08: 186,285 GBP2024-09: 184,496 GBP2024-10: 185,664 GBP2024-11: 184,775 GBP2024-12: 181,800 GBP2025-01: 185,315 GBP2025-02: 182,421 GBP2025-03: 183,642 GBP2025-04: 186,736 GBP2025-05: 187,312 GBP2025-06: 190,959 GBP2025-07: 191,951 GBP2025-08: 192,766 GBP2025-09: 193,502 GBP2025-10: 193,160 GBP2025-11: 193,184 GBP2025-12: 189,403 GBP2026-01: 189,118 GBP2026-02: 188,801 GBP2026-03: 188,330 GBP2026-04: 192,638 GBP2026-05: 196,320 GBP2026-06: 193,986 GBP2026-07: 196,349 GBP160K170K180K190K200K2021-072023-042025-012026-072021-07: 168,799 GBP2021-08: 170,669 GBP2021-09: 170,829 GBP2021-10: 170,955 GBP2021-11: 172,873 GBP2021-12: 169,213 GBP2022-01: 173,589 GBP2022-02: 170,905 GBP2022-03: 171,510 GBP2022-04: 175,109 GBP2022-05: 177,326 GBP2022-06: 181,120 GBP2022-07: 182,979 GBP2022-08: 183,378 GBP2022-09: 181,639 GBP2022-10: 182,341 GBP2022-11: 180,523 GBP2022-12: 175,560 GBP2023-01: 175,092 GBP2023-02: 171,282 GBP2023-03: 173,352 GBP2023-04: 175,512 GBP2023-05: 179,854 GBP2023-06: 177,705 GBP2023-07: 181,013 GBP2023-08: 182,593 GBP2023-09: 180,364 GBP2023-10: 180,051 GBP2023-11: 179,184 GBP2023-12: 176,538 GBP2024-01: 179,248 GBP2024-02: 175,883 GBP2024-03: 177,778 GBP2024-04: 180,647 GBP2024-05: 180,418 GBP2024-06: 181,219 GBP2024-07: 185,882 GBP2024-08: 186,285 GBP2024-09: 184,496 GBP2024-10: 185,664 GBP2024-11: 184,775 GBP2024-12: 181,800 GBP2025-01: 185,315 GBP2025-02: 182,421 GBP2025-03: 183,642 GBP2025-04: 186,736 GBP2025-05: 187,312 GBP2025-06: 190,959 GBP2025-07: 191,951 GBP2025-08: 192,766 GBP2025-09: 193,502 GBP2025-10: 193,160 GBP2025-11: 193,184 GBP2025-12: 189,403 GBP2026-01: 189,118 GBP2026-02: 188,801 GBP2026-03: 188,330 GBP2026-04: 192,638 GBP2026-05: 196,320 GBP2026-06: 193,986 GBP2026-07: 196,349 GBP
Average house price, pounds sterling, July 2021 to July 2026. GBP. Source: HM Land Registry (United Kingdom), UK House Price Index: average price, all property types, not seasonally adjusted, pounds (HM Land Registry, Average price file).

Sources: HM Land Registry (United Kingdom), UK House Price Index: average price, all property types, not seasonally adjusted, pounds (HM Land Registry, Average price file); HM Land Registry (United Kingdom), UK House Price Index: annual change in the average price, all property types, not seasonally adjusted, percent (HM Land Registry, Average price file); Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Price Index of Private Rents, UK: monthly price statistics, Table 1: rental price, all property types, pounds per month (ONS). Housing statistics and rankings

Business and tourism

Active enterprises in Scotland were 172,065 in 2024, up 0.1% from 2023.

Active enterprises172,0652024Up 0.1% from 2023
Enterprise births18,4202024Up 0.8% from 2023
170K172K174K176K178K180K2019202020212022202320242019: 178,740 count2020: 176,450 count2021: 176,350 count2022: 174,340 count2023: 171,895 count2024: 172,065 count170K172K174K176K178K180K2019202120242019: 178,740 count2020: 176,450 count2021: 176,350 count2022: 174,340 count2023: 171,895 count2024: 172,065 count
Active enterprises, 2019 to 2024. count. Source: Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Business demography, UK, Tables 3.1a to 3.1d: count of active enterprises by district, county and unitary authority within region and country.

Sources: Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Business demography, UK, Tables 3.1a to 3.1d: count of active enterprises by district, county and unitary authority within region and country; Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), Business demography, UK, Tables 1.1a to 1.1d: count of births of new enterprises by district, county and unitary authority within region and country. Companies statistics and rankings

Sources and citations

Each figure comes from the table cited here. Cite the publisher; these citations include any notice the publisher requires.

  1. Office for National Statistics. Population estimates, local authority based by single year of age: all ages, both sexes, mid-year (ONS, Nomis NM_2002_1). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/api/v01/dataset/NM_2002_1.data.json?geography=TYPE480,TYPE424&gender=0&c_age=200&measures=20100&time=2011,latest. Retrieved 2026-10-11.
  2. Office for National Statistics. Population estimates, local authority based by single year of age: aged 65 and over, both sexes, percent of all ages, mid-year (ONS, Nomis NM_2002_1). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/api/v01/dataset/NM_2002_1.data.json?geography=TYPE480,TYPE424&gender=0&c_age=209&measures=20301&time=2011,latest. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  3. Office for National Statistics. Labour Force Survey, national and regional headline indicators (seasonally adjusted): unemployment rate, aged 16 and over, both sexes (ONS, Nomis NM_59_1). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/api/v01/dataset/NM_59_1.data.json?geography=TYPE480&sex=7&economic_activity=3&value_type=0&measures=20207&time=first,latest. Retrieved 2026-10-11.
  4. Office for National Statistics. Regional gross disposable household income: all ITL regions, GDHI per head of population at current basic prices, pounds (ONS, Table 3). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/regionalaccounts/grossdisposablehouseholdincome/datasets/regionalgrossdisposablehouseholdincomegdhi/1997to2024. Retrieved 2026-10-11.
  5. Office for National Statistics. Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions, GDP at current market prices, pounds million (ONS, Table 5). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductallnutslevelregions/1998to2024. Retrieved 2026-10-11.
  6. Office for National Statistics. Regional gross domestic product: all ITL regions, GDP per head at current market prices, pounds (ONS, Table 7). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductallnutslevelregions/1998to2024. Retrieved 2026-10-11.
  7. HM Land Registry. UK House Price Index: average price, all property types, not seasonally adjusted, pounds (HM Land Registry, Average price file). Contains HM Land Registry data © Crown copyright and database right. This data is licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. https://publicdata.landregistry.gov.uk/market-trend-data/house-price-index-data/Average-prices-2026-07.csv. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  8. HM Land Registry. UK House Price Index: annual change in the average price, all property types, not seasonally adjusted, percent (HM Land Registry, Average price file). Contains HM Land Registry data © Crown copyright and database right. This data is licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. https://publicdata.landregistry.gov.uk/market-trend-data/house-price-index-data/Average-prices-2026-07.csv. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  9. Office for National Statistics. Price Index of Private Rents, UK: monthly price statistics, Table 1: rental price, all property types, pounds per month (ONS). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/datasets/priceindexofprivaterentsukmonthlypricestatistics/16september2026. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  10. Office for National Statistics. Business demography, UK, Tables 3.1a to 3.1d: count of active enterprises by district, county and unitary authority within region and country. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/business/activitysizeandlocation/datasets/businessdemographyreferencetable. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  11. Office for National Statistics. Business demography, UK, Tables 1.1a to 1.1d: count of births of new enterprises by district, county and unitary authority within region and country. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/business/activitysizeandlocation/datasets/businessdemographyreferencetable. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

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