Data / Modoc County / Profile

Modoc County in figures

A profile of Modoc County from official statistics: 24 figures in 5 sections, each with its period, its change from a year earlier, its rank among similar places where a ranking exists, and its source.

Figures last updated on 2026-10-12.

People

Population in Modoc County was 8,426 in 2025, down 1.3% from 2024, and the 3rd lowest of 58 counties in California.

Population8,4262025Down 1.3% from 2024The 3rd lowest of 58 counties in California
Median age47.5 years2024Down 1.5 years from 2023The 9th highest of 58 counties in California
Population aged 65 and over30.1%2025Up 0.6 percentage points from 2024The 10th highest of 58 counties in California
Foreign-born population share8.8%2024Up 2.2 percentage points from 2023
Population density0.8 inhabitants per km²2025Down 1.3% from 2024
Net domestic migration, July to June-492025, estimatedCompared with -10 in 2024
8,4008,5008,6008,7002020202120222023202420252020: 8,679 persons2021: 8,621 persons2022: 8,602 persons2023: 8,542 persons2024: 8,535 persons2025: 8,426 persons
Population, 2020 to 2025. persons. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual estimates of the resident population for the United States, states and counties, 1 July (Population Estimates Program).

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual estimates of the resident population for the United States, states and counties, 1 July (Population Estimates Program); U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B01002: median age, total population; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, county population by age and sex (cc-est agesex): residents aged 65 and over as a percentage of the total, 1 July; states and the nation summed from counties; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program resident population on 1 July divided by land area from the latest Census Gazetteer files, persons per km²; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program: net domestic migration, states and counties, July 1 of the previous year to June 30 of the reported year; vintage 2020 files for 2011 to 2020 and the latest 2020s vintage from 2021. Population and demography statistics and rankings

Work and income

Unemployment rate in Modoc County was 6.1% (provisional) in August 2026, unchanged from August 2025, and the 23rd highest of 58 counties in California.

Unemployment rate6.1%August 2026, provisionalUnchanged from August 2025The 23rd highest of 58 counties in California
Median household income$59,4552024Up 5% from 2023The 4th lowest of 58 counties in California
Per capita personal income$68,3532024Up 12.6% from 2023The 28th highest of 58 counties in California
Poverty rate (US official measure)17.1%2024Down 3 percentage points from 2023
Gini index44.72024Down 0.1 points from 2023
46810122021-072022-042023-012023-102024-072025-042026-082021-07: 7 %2021-08: 6.5 %2021-09: 5.5 %2021-10: 5.3 %2021-11: 5.7 %2021-12: 6.5 %2022-01: 9 %2022-02: 8.6 %2022-03: 7.4 %2022-04: 5.7 %2022-05: 4.5 %2022-06: 4.9 %2022-07: 4.8 %2022-08: 4.7 %2022-09: 4.2 %2022-10: 4.3 %2022-11: 5.4 %2022-12: 6.8 %2023-01: 9.6 %2023-02: 9.3 %2023-03: 8.9 %2023-04: 6.8 %2023-05: 5.9 %2023-06: 5.5 %2023-07: 5 %2023-08: 5.3 %2023-09: 5 %2023-10: 5 %2023-11: 6 %2023-12: 8.1 %2024-01: 10.1 %2024-02: 10.7 %2024-03: 9 %2024-04: 7 %2024-05: 5.5 %2024-06: 5.6 %2024-07: 6.1 %2024-08: 5.8 %2024-09: 5.3 %2024-10: 5.3 %2024-11: 5.9 %2024-12: 7.6 %2025-01: 9.4 %2025-02: 9.3 %2025-03: 9.1 %2025-04: 7.2 %2025-05: 5.7 %2025-06: 6 %2025-07: 6.4 %2025-08: 6.1 %2025-09: 5.9 %2025-11: 7 %2025-12: 8.2 %2026-01: 9.2 %2026-02: 9.3 %2026-03: 9 %2026-04: 7 %2026-05: 5.7 %2026-06: 5.8 %2026-07: 6 %2026-08: 6.1 %
Unemployment rate, July 2021 to August 2026. %. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics: unemployment rate by county, not seasonally adjusted.

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics: unemployment rate by county, not seasonally adjusted; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19013: median household income in the past 12 months; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CAINC1: county annual personal income summary, per capita personal income, current dollars, individual counties and county equivalents; U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE): percent of people of all ages in poverty, states and counties; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19083: Gini index of household income inequality (coefficient multiplied by 100). Labor market statistics and rankings

Economy

GDP (US dollars) in Modoc County was $687.65 million in 2024, up 4.2% from 2023, and the 4th lowest of 58 counties in California.

Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars$687.65 million2024Up 4.2% from 2023The 4th lowest of 58 counties in California
GDP per capita, US dollars$80,9862024Up 5.1% from 2023The 23rd highest of 58 counties in California
Real GDP growth4.2%2024Down 0.1 percentage points from 2023The 24th highest of 58 counties in California
020040060080020012005200920132017202120242001: 183.9 USD million2002: 234 USD million2003: 225.7 USD million2004: 223.1 USD million2005: 257.4 USD million2006: 262.9 USD million2007: 278.7 USD million2008: 335.7 USD million2009: 337.6 USD million2010: 333.2 USD million2011: 329.3 USD million2012: 305.3 USD million2013: 320.8 USD million2014: 335.4 USD million2015: 352.2 USD million2016: 363.1 USD million2017: 349.5 USD million2018: 370.2 USD million2019: 424.1 USD million2020: 477.2 USD million2021: 529.8 USD million2022: 640.8 USD million2023: 660.2 USD million2024: 687.7 USD million
Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars, 2001 to 2024. USD million. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CAGDP1: county GDP summary, current-dollar GDP (published in thousands of dollars, shown in millions).

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CAGDP1: county GDP summary, current-dollar GDP (published in thousands of dollars, shown in millions); Invokely, GDP in current dollars (BEA SAGDP2 and CAGDP1) divided by mid-year population (BEA SAINC1 and CAINC1); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CAGDP11: annual percent change in real GDP, all industry total, individual counties and county equivalents. Economy statistics and rankings

Prices and housing

Median home value in Modoc County was $224,700 in 2024, up 6% from 2023, and the lowest of 58 counties in California.

Median home value$224,7002024Up 6% from 2023The lowest of 58 counties in California
County house price annual change, sales and refinances1.78%2025Down 2.29 percentage points from 2024The 19th highest of 56 counties in California
Median gross rent (monthly)$8362024Up 2.2% from 2023The lowest of 56 counties in California
Homeownership rate (US, housing units)77.4%2024Up 0.1 percentage points from 2023
Housing units authorized by building permits92025, estimatedUp 80% from 2024
140K160K180K200K220K240K20212022202320242021: 152,400 USD2022: 184,900 USD2023: 212,000 USD2024: 224,700 USD
Median home value, 2021 to 2024. USD. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25077: median value (dollars), owner-occupied housing units.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25077: median value (dollars), owner-occupied housing units; Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA developmental all-transactions county house prices, published annual percent change, nominal, not seasonally adjusted; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25064: median gross rent (dollars), renter-occupied housing units paying cash rent; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25003: owner-occupied housing units as a percentage of occupied housing units, calculated with stored inputs; U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey: final annual county estimates of new privately owned housing units authorized, including imputation. Housing statistics and rankings

Business and tourism

Employer firms in Modoc County were 141 in 2023, up 2.2% from 2022, and the 3rd lowest of 58 counties in California.

Employer firms1412023Up 2.2% from 2022The 3rd lowest of 58 counties in California
Establishment entry rate14.634%2023Up 6.89 percentage points from 2022The highest of 57 counties in California
Establishment exit rate9.756%2023Up 0.6 percentage points from 2022The 28th highest of 58 counties in California
Job creation rate15.172%2023Up 4.09 percentage points from 2022
Farms4262022No 2021 figure to compare
12014016018020019992003200720112015201920231999: 174 count2000: 175 count2001: 183 count2002: 180 count2003: 172 count2004: 172 count2005: 164 count2006: 166 count2007: 158 count2008: 162 count2009: 146 count2010: 150 count2011: 145 count2012: 149 count2013: 145 count2014: 141 count2015: 140 count2016: 136 count2017: 133 count2018: 130 count2019: 130 count2020: 128 count2021: 140 count2022: 138 count2023: 141 count
Employer firms, 1999 to 2023. count. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Business Dynamics Statistics: employer firms, all covered industries, nation, states and counties.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Business Dynamics Statistics: employer firms, all covered industries, nation, states and counties; U.S. Census Bureau, Business Dynamics Statistics: establishment entry rate, all covered industries, nation and states from 1978, counties from 2010; U.S. Census Bureau, Business Dynamics Statistics: establishment exit rate, all covered industries, nation and states from 1978, counties from 2010; U.S. Census Bureau, Business Dynamics Statistics: job creation rate, all covered industries, nation and states from 1978, counties from 2010; U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Census of Agriculture: number of farms, nation, states and counties (1997 to 2022). Companies statistics and rankings

Sources and citations

Each figure comes from the table cited here. Cite the publisher; these citations include any notice the publisher requires.

  1. U.S. Census Bureau. Annual estimates of the resident population for the United States, states and counties, 1 July (Population Estimates Program). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  2. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B01002: median age, total population. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b01002.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  3. U.S. Census Bureau. Population Estimates Program, county population by age and sex (cc-est agesex): residents aged 65 and over as a percentage of the total, 1 July; states and the nation summed from counties. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/counties/asrh/cc-est2025-agesex-all.csv. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  4. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b05002.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  5. U.S. Census Bureau. Population Estimates Program resident population on 1 July divided by land area from the latest Census Gazetteer files, persons per km². https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  6. U.S. Census Bureau. Population Estimates Program: net domestic migration, states and counties, July 1 of the previous year to June 30 of the reported year; vintage 2020 files for 2011 to 2020 and the latest 2020s vintage from 2021. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/data-sets.html. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  7. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Local Area Unemployment Statistics: unemployment rate by county, not seasonally adjusted. https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/la/la.data.0.CurrentU25-29. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  8. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19013: median household income in the past 12 months. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b19013.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  9. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. CAINC1: county annual personal income summary, per capita personal income, current dollars, individual counties and county equivalents. https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/CAINC1.zip. Retrieved 2026-10-11.
  10. U.S. Census Bureau. Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE): percent of people of all ages in poverty, states and counties. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe/datasets/2024/2024-state-and-county/est24all.txt. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  11. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19083: Gini index of household income inequality (coefficient multiplied by 100). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b19083.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-10.
  12. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. CAGDP1: county GDP summary, current-dollar GDP (published in thousands of dollars, shown in millions). https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/CAGDP1.zip. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  13. Invokely calculation from GDP in current dollars (BEA SAGDP2 and CAGDP1) divided by mid-year population (BEA SAINC1 and CAINC1). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#gdp_per_capita_usd. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  14. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. CAGDP11: annual percent change in real GDP, all industry total, individual counties and county equivalents. https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/CAGDP11.zip. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  15. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25077: median value (dollars), owner-occupied housing units. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b25077.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  16. Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). FHFA developmental all-transactions county house prices, published annual percent change, nominal, not seasonally adjusted. https://www.fhfa.gov/hpi/download/annual/hpi_at_county.xlsx. Retrieved 2026-10-10.
  17. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25064: median gross rent (dollars), renter-occupied housing units paying cash rent. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b25064.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  18. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25003: owner-occupied housing units as a percentage of occupied housing units, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b25003.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  19. U.S. Census Bureau. Building Permits Survey: final annual county estimates of new privately owned housing units authorized, including imputation. https://www2.census.gov/econ/bps/County/co2025a.txt. Retrieved 2026-10-10.
  20. U.S. Census Bureau. Business Dynamics Statistics: employer firms, all covered industries, nation, states and counties. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/tables/time-series/2023/bds2023_st_cty.csv. Retrieved 2026-10-11.
  21. U.S. Census Bureau. Business Dynamics Statistics: establishment entry rate, all covered industries, nation and states from 1978, counties from 2010. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/tables/time-series/2023/bds2023_st_cty.csv. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  22. U.S. Census Bureau. Business Dynamics Statistics: establishment exit rate, all covered industries, nation and states from 1978, counties from 2010. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/tables/time-series/2023/bds2023_st_cty.csv. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  23. U.S. Census Bureau. Business Dynamics Statistics: job creation rate, all covered industries, nation and states from 1978, counties from 2010. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/tables/time-series/2023/bds2023_st_cty.csv. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  24. Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, Census of Agriculture. Census of Agriculture: number of farms, nation, states and counties (1997 to 2022). Retrieved through Data Commons (datacommons.org). https://www.nass.usda.gov/AgCensus/. Retrieved 2026-10-11. Retrieved through Data Commons (https://datacommons.org).

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