Data / Madagascar / Profile

Madagascar in figures

A profile of Madagascar from official statistics: 20 figures in 4 sections, each with its period, its change from a year earlier, its rank among similar places where a ranking exists, and its source.

Figures last updated on 2026-10-12.

People

Population in Madagascar was 32.74 million in 2025, up 2.4% from 2024, and the 49th highest of 215 countries.

Population32.74 million2025Up 2.4% from 2024The 49th highest of 215 countries
Population growth rate2.46%2023Down 0.02 percentage points from 2022The 32nd highest of 215 countries
Median age, July 1 estimate18.88 years2023, estimatedUp 0.16 years from 2022The 33rd lowest of 236 countries
Population aged 65 and over3.3%2023Up 0.1 percentage points from 2022
Population density54.9 inhabitants per km²2024Up 2.5% from 2023
Net migration-1,4872023Unchanged from 2022
15M20M25M30M35M20012005200920132017202120252001: 17,032,939 persons2002: 17,549,913 persons2003: 18,071,854 persons2004: 18,606,608 persons2005: 19,159,707 persons2006: 19,730,909 persons2007: 20,318,583 persons2008: 20,923,840 persons2009: 21,547,280 persons2010: 22,183,340 persons2011: 22,822,300 persons2012: 23,462,438 persons2013: 24,109,290 persons2014: 24,764,348 persons2015: 25,426,702 persons2016: 26,099,952 persons2017: 26,788,375 persons2018: 27,494,926 persons2019: 28,219,554 persons2020: 28,953,556 persons2021: 29,691,083 persons2022: 30,437,261 persons2023: 31,195,932 persons2024: 31,964,956 persons2025: 32,740,678 persons
Population, 2001 to 2025. persons. Source: World Bank, Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL).

Sources: World Bank, Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL); World Bank, Population growth, annual % (SP.POP.GROW); United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects 2024, Online Edition. Median age on 1 July, modelled estimates 1950 to 2023; projections excluded; World Bank, Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS); World Bank, Population density, people per km² of land area (EN.POP.DNST); World Bank, Net migration (SM.POP.NETM). Population and demography statistics and rankings

Work and income

Unemployment rate in Madagascar was 3.19% in 2022, not compared with 2021 because the series has a break.

Unemployment rate3.19%2022, series breakSeries break, not compared with 2021
Employment-population ratio, ages 15 and over82.9%2025Up less than 0.1 percentage points from 2024The 3rd highest of 181 countries
Poverty rate at the national poverty line75.2%2021No 2020 figure to compareThe highest of 72 countries
Labor force participation rate, ages 15 and over85.5%2025Up less than 0.1 percentage points from 2024
Gini index (World Bank, income or consumption)36.82021No 2020 figure to compare
01234562003200520102012201520222003: 5.01 %2005: 2.3 %2010: 4.28 %2012: 0.6 %2015: 1.79 %2022: 3.19 %
Unemployment rate, 2003 to 2022. %. Source: International Labour Organization, Unemployment rate by sex and age, total, 15 and over, annual (DF_UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_RT).

Sources: International Labour Organization, Unemployment rate by sex and age, total, 15 and over, annual (DF_UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_RT); World Bank, Employment to population ratio, 15+, total, %, modeled ILO estimate (SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.ZS); World Bank, Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines, % of population (SI.POV.NAHC); World Bank, Labor force participation rate, total, % of total population ages 15+, modeled ILO estimate (SL.TLF.CACT.ZS); World Bank, Gini index (SI.POV.GINI). Labor market statistics and rankings

Economy

GDP (US dollars) in Madagascar was $19.62 billion in 2025, up 11.5% from 2024, and the 65th lowest of 199 countries in 2024.

Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars$19.62 billion2025Up 11.5% from 2024The 65th lowest of 199 countries in 2024
GDP per capita, US dollars$5992025Up 8.9% from 2024The 5th lowest of 199 countries in 2024
Real GDP growth3%2025Down 1.3 percentage points from 2024The 59th highest of 199 countries in 2024
GDP per capita, PPP (international dollars)1,952 international $2025Up 3.4% from 2024
Trade as a share of GDP54.2%2025Down 3.3 percentage points from 2024
5,00010K15K20K20012005200920132017202120252001: 5,438.3 USD million2002: 5,351.7 USD million2003: 6,372.5 USD million2004: 5,064.7 USD million2005: 5,859.3 USD million2006: 6,395.7 USD million2007: 8,524.6 USD million2008: 10,725.1 USD million2009: 9,616.9 USD million2010: 9,982.7 USD million2011: 11,551.8 USD million2012: 11,579 USD million2013: 12,423.6 USD million2014: 12,523 USD million2015: 11,323 USD million2016: 11,848.6 USD million2017: 13,176.3 USD million2018: 13,760 USD million2019: 14,104.7 USD million2020: 13,051.4 USD million2021: 14,354.7 USD million2022: 15,342.2 USD million2023: 16,036.7 USD million2024: 17,592.8 USD million2025: 19,620.4 USD million
Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars, 2001 to 2025. USD million. Source: World Bank, GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD).

Sources: World Bank, GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD); World Bank, GDP per capita, current US$ (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD); World Bank, GDP growth, annual % (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG); World Bank, GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) (NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD); World Bank, Trade, % of GDP (NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS). Economy statistics and rankings

Health

Life expectancy in Madagascar was 63.63 years in 2023, up 0.56 years from 2022, and the 20th lowest of 215 countries.

Life expectancy at birth63.63 years2023Up 0.56 years from 2022The 20th lowest of 215 countries
Infant mortality rate43 per 1,000 live births2024Down 0.7 per 1,000 live births from 2023Tied for the 21st highest of 195 countries
Adult obesity rate, age-standardized4.5%2024Up 0.3 percentage points from 2023The 5th lowest of 199 countries
Tobacco use, age-standardized28.2%2020No 2019 figure to compare
565860626419992003200720112015201920231999: 57.43 years2000: 57.97 years2001: 58.67 years2002: 59.17 years2003: 59.69 years2004: 60.17 years2005: 60.66 years2006: 61.14 years2007: 61.53 years2008: 61.99 years2009: 62.3 years2010: 62.6 years2011: 62.86 years2012: 63.01 years2013: 63.16 years2014: 63.26 years2015: 63.36 years2016: 63.43 years2017: 63.43 years2018: 63.49 years2019: 63.5 years2020: 62.71 years2021: 62.52 years2022: 63.07 years2023: 63.63 years
Life expectancy at birth, 1999 to 2023. years. Source: World Bank, Life expectancy at birth, total, years (SP.DYN.LE00.IN).

Sources: World Bank, Life expectancy at birth, total, years (SP.DYN.LE00.IN); World Bank, Mortality rate, infant, per 1,000 live births (SP.DYN.IMRT.IN); World Health Organization, Age-standardized prevalence of obesity among adults (18+ years), both sexes (NCD_BMI_30A); World Health Organization, Age-standardized prevalence of tobacco use among persons 15 years and older (%), both sexes (M_Est_tob_curr_std). Health statistics and rankings

Sources and citations

Each figure comes from the table cited here. Cite the publisher; these citations include any notice the publisher requires.

  1. World Bank, World Development Indicators. Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL. Retrieved 2026-10-09. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  2. World Bank, World Development Indicators. Population growth, annual % (SP.POP.GROW). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW. Retrieved 2026-10-09. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  3. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024, Online Edition. Median age on 1 July, modelled estimates 1950 to 2023; projections excluded. Modelled estimate. https://population.un.org/wpp/assets/Excel%20Files/1_Indicator%20(Standard)/CSV_FILES/WPP2024_Demographic_Indicators_Medium.csv.gz. Retrieved 2026-10-10. CC BY 3.0 IGO.
  4. World Bank, World Development Indicators. Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-09. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  5. World Bank, World Development Indicators. Population density, people per km² of land area (EN.POP.DNST). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST. Retrieved 2026-10-09. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  6. World Bank, World Development Indicators. Net migration (SM.POP.NETM). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.NETM. Retrieved 2026-10-11. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  7. International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. Unemployment rate by sex and age, total, 15 and over, annual (DF_UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_RT). https://data.ilo.org/vis?df%5Bds%5D=ds-production&df%5Bid%5D=DF_UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_RT&df%5Bag%5D=ILO (Accessed on 2026-10-12). Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  8. World Bank, World Development Indicators, modelled estimate. Employment to population ratio, 15+, total, %, modeled ILO estimate (SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-11. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  9. World Bank, World Development Indicators. Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines, % of population (SI.POV.NAHC). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  10. World Bank, World Development Indicators, modelled estimate. Labor force participation rate, total, % of total population ages 15+, modeled ILO estimate (SL.TLF.CACT.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-11. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  11. World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gini index (SI.POV.GINI). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI. Retrieved 2026-10-09. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  12. World Bank, World Development Indicators. GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Retrieved 2026-10-09. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  13. World Bank, World Development Indicators. GDP per capita, current US$ (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Retrieved 2026-10-09. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  14. World Bank, World Development Indicators. GDP growth, annual % (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG. Retrieved 2026-10-09. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  15. World Bank, World Development Indicators. GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) (NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Retrieved 2026-10-11. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  16. World Bank, World Development Indicators. Trade, % of GDP (NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-11. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  17. World Bank, World Development Indicators. Life expectancy at birth, total, years (SP.DYN.LE00.IN). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Retrieved 2026-10-09. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  18. World Bank, World Development Indicators, modelled estimate. Mortality rate, infant, per 1,000 live births (SP.DYN.IMRT.IN). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN. Retrieved 2026-10-11. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  19. World Health Organization, data.who.int. Age-standardized prevalence of obesity among adults (18+ years), both sexes (NCD_BMI_30A) [Indicator]. https://data.who.int/indicators/i/C6262EC/BEFA58B (Accessed on 2026-10-12). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. No changes made to source values. WHO does not endorse Invokely or this use of the data.
  20. World Health Organization, data.who.int. Age-standardized prevalence of tobacco use among persons 15 years and older (%), both sexes (M_Est_tob_curr_std) [Indicator]. https://data.who.int/indicators/i/847662C/75DDA77 (Accessed on 2026-10-12). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. No changes made to source values. WHO does not endorse Invokely or this use of the data.

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