Data / Rankings / Greenhouse gas emissions from homes (EPA state inventory) / US states

US states by greenhouse gas emissions from homes (EPA state inventory)

New York had the highest greenhouse gas emissions from homes (EPA state inventory) of 51 states in 2021, at 35.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Hawaii had the lowest, at 0.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. The median was 4.22 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

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Highest35.3New York
Lowest0.24Hawaii
Median4.2251 states

Map of states, 2021

Alabama: 2.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAlaska: 1.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentArizona: 3.56 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentArkansas: 2.53 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCalifornia: 31.88 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentColorado: 9.14 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentConnecticut: 6.98 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDelaware: 1.08 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDistrict of Columbia: 0.76 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFlorida: 4.55 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGeorgia: 8.92 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHawaii: 0.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIdaho: 2.38 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIllinois: 24.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIndiana: 9.19 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIowa: 5.04 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentKansas: 4.22 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentKentucky: 3.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLouisiana: 2.75 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMaine: 2.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMaryland: 6.41 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMassachusetts: 12.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMichigan: 20.55 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMinnesota: 10.15 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMississippi: 1.92 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMissouri: 7.32 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMontana: 1.95 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNebraska: 2.73 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNevada: 3.08 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Hampshire: 2.46 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Jersey: 15.81 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Mexico: 2.63 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew York: 35.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNorth Carolina: 6.86 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNorth Dakota: 1.15 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOhio: 18.95 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOklahoma: 4.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOregon: 3.68 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPennsylvania: 20.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRhode Island: 2.1 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Carolina: 2.87 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Dakota: 1.15 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentTennessee: 5.39 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentTexas: 16.42 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentUtah: 4.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentVermont: 1.4 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentVirginia: 7.36 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWashington: 7.25 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWest Virginia: 1.96 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWisconsin: 10.49 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWyoming: 1.05 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
  • Under 1.9
  • 1.9 to 2.7
  • 2.7 to 4.2
  • 4.2 to 7.1
  • 7.1 to 12
  • 12 and over
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, 2021. Source: EPA state greenhouse gas inventory, EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: Residential economic sector, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2021

New York: 35.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew York35.3California: 31.88 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCalifornia31.88Illinois: 24.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIllinois24.57Michigan: 20.55 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMichigan20.55Pennsylvania: 20.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPennsylvania20.26Ohio: 18.95 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOhio18.95Texas: 16.42 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentTexas16.42New Jersey: 15.81 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Jersey15.81Massachusetts: 12.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMassachusetts12.57Wisconsin: 10.49 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWisconsin10.49Minnesota: 10.15 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMinnesota10.15Indiana: 9.19 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIndiana9.19Colorado: 9.14 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentColorado9.14Georgia: 8.92 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGeorgia8.92Virginia: 7.36 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentVirginia7.36Missouri: 7.32 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMissouri7.32Washington: 7.25 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWashington7.25Connecticut: 6.98 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentConnecticut6.98North Carolina: 6.86 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNorth Carolina6.86Maryland: 6.41 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMaryland6.41Tennessee: 5.39 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentTennessee5.39Iowa: 5.04 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIowa5.04Oklahoma: 4.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOklahoma4.57Utah: 4.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentUtah4.57Florida: 4.55 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFlorida4.55Kansas: 4.22 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentKansas4.22Kentucky: 3.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentKentucky3.78Oregon: 3.68 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOregon3.68Arizona: 3.56 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentArizona3.56Nevada: 3.08 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNevada3.08South Carolina: 2.87 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Carolina2.87Alabama: 2.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAlabama2.78Louisiana: 2.75 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLouisiana2.75Nebraska: 2.73 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNebraska2.73New Mexico: 2.63 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Mexico2.63Maine: 2.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMaine2.6Arkansas: 2.53 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentArkansas2.53New Hampshire: 2.46 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Hampshire2.46Idaho: 2.38 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIdaho2.38Rhode Island: 2.1 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRhode Island2.1West Virginia: 1.96 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWest Virginia1.96Montana: 1.95 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMontana1.95Mississippi: 1.92 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMississippi1.92Alaska: 1.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAlaska1.78Vermont: 1.4 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentVermont1.4South Dakota: 1.15 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Dakota1.15North Dakota: 1.15 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNorth Dakota1.15Delaware: 1.08 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDelaware1.08Wyoming: 1.05 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWyoming1.05District of Columbia: 0.76 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDistrict of Columbia0.76Hawaii: 0.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHawaii0.24New York: 35.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew York35.3California: 31.88 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCalifornia31.88Illinois: 24.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIllinois24.57Michigan: 20.55 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMichigan20.55Pennsylvania: 20.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPennsylvania20.26Ohio: 18.95 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOhio18.95Texas: 16.42 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentTexas16.42New Jersey: 15.81 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Jersey15.81Massachusetts: 12.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMassachusetts12.57Wisconsin: 10.49 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWisconsin10.49Minnesota: 10.15 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMinnesota10.15Indiana: 9.19 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIndiana9.19Colorado: 9.14 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentColorado9.14Georgia: 8.92 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGeorgia8.92Virginia: 7.36 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentVirginia7.36Missouri: 7.32 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMissouri7.32Washington: 7.25 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWashington7.25Connecticut: 6.98 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentConnecticut6.98North Carolina: 6.86 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNorth Carolina6.86Maryland: 6.41 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMaryland6.41Tennessee: 5.39 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentTennessee5.39Iowa: 5.04 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIowa5.04Oklahoma: 4.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOklahoma4.57Utah: 4.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentUtah4.57Florida: 4.55 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFlorida4.55Kansas: 4.22 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentKansas4.22Kentucky: 3.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentKentucky3.78Oregon: 3.68 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOregon3.68Arizona: 3.56 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentArizona3.56Nevada: 3.08 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNevada3.08South Carolina: 2.87 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Carolina2.87Alabama: 2.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAlabama2.78Louisiana: 2.75 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLouisiana2.75Nebraska: 2.73 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNebraska2.73New Mexico: 2.63 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Mexico2.63Maine: 2.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMaine2.6Arkansas: 2.53 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentArkansas2.53New Hampshire: 2.46 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Hampshire2.46Idaho: 2.38 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIdaho2.38Rhode Island: 2.1 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRhode Island2.1West Virginia: 1.96 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWest Virginia1.96Montana: 1.95 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMontana1.95Mississippi: 1.92 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMississippi1.92Alaska: 1.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAlaska1.78Vermont: 1.4 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentVermont1.4South Dakota: 1.15 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Dakota1.15North Dakota: 1.15 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNorth Dakota1.15Delaware: 1.08 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDelaware1.08Wyoming: 1.05 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWyoming1.05District of Columbia: 0.76 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDistrict of Columbia0.76Hawaii: 0.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHawaii0.24
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: EPA state greenhouse gas inventory, EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: Residential economic sector, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2021
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent		Change on 2020
1New York35.3+5.8%
2California31.88+1.6%
3Illinois24.57-0.6%
4Michigan20.55-1.8%
5Pennsylvania20.26+6.5%
6Ohio18.95+2%
7Texas16.42+6%
8New Jersey15.81+5.8%
9Massachusetts12.57+1%
10Wisconsin10.49-0.9%
11Minnesota10.15+1.7%
12Indiana9.19+0.2%
13Colorado9.14-0.2%
14Georgia8.92+7.3%
15Virginia7.36+8.8%
16Missouri7.32+1.6%
17Washington7.25+5.2%
18Connecticut6.98+4.9%
19North Carolina6.86+13.3%
20Maryland6.41+3.7%
21Tennessee5.39+10.9%
22Iowa5.04-4.4%
23Oklahoma4.57+5.9%
24Utah4.57-1.2%
25Florida4.55+17.5%
26Kansas4.22-2.3%
27Kentucky3.78+6.5%
28Oregon3.68+6.7%
29Arizona3.56+3.4%
30Nevada3.08+0.4%
31South Carolina2.87+15.1%
32Alabama2.78+11%
33Louisiana2.75+14.2%
34Nebraska2.73-0.4%
35New Mexico2.63+0.9%
36Maine2.6-10.4%
37Arkansas2.53+11.2%
38New Hampshire2.46-12.8%
39Idaho2.38+4.7%
40Rhode Island2.1+8.6%
41West Virginia1.96+2.3%
42Montana1.95-2.6%
43Mississippi1.92+7.3%
44Alaska1.78+3.3%
45Vermont1.4-6%
46South Dakota1.15-1.4%
47North Dakota1.15+6.7%
48Delaware1.08+10.5%
49Wyoming1.05+1.9%
50District of Columbia0.76+9.5%
51Hawaii0.24+20.7%

Other periods

About this ranking

Greenhouse gas emissions of a US state allocated to the homes economic sector.

More on how it is measured
  • Fuel burned in homes for heating and cooking, and refrigerants in home appliances.
  • Electricity used in homes is counted under electric power.
  • In million metric tons of CO2 equivalent: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases weighted by their 100-year global warming potentials (IPCC AR5), from the EPA inventory of US emissions by state, which allocates the national inventory to the states with the same methods for every state.
  • Emissions are counted where they occur, so electricity is counted in the state that generates it, not the state that uses it.

The six economic sectors add up to state_ghg_emissions. EPA says these estimates are not official state data: a state's own inventory can differ because it uses other methods, data or scopes. Each annual edition recalculates the whole series back to 1990.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks by State. EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: Residential economic sector, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2025). EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: Residential economic sector, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent (US states by greenhouse gas emissions from homes (EPA state inventory), 2021) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals

MLA 9

EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: Residential economic sector, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent, US states by greenhouse gas emissions from homes (EPA state inventory), 2021. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 23 Apr. 2025, https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/state-ghg-emissions-residential/us-states?period=2021. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2025. EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: Residential economic sector, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. US states by greenhouse gas emissions from homes (EPA state inventory), 2021. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/state-ghg-emissions-residential/us-states?period=2021.

Harvard

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2025) EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: Residential economic sector, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent, US states by greenhouse gas emissions from homes (EPA state inventory), 2021 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/state-ghg-emissions-residential/us-states?period=2021 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{environmental_us_states_by_greenhouse_2021,
  author = {{U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}},
  title = {{EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: Residential economic sector, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent: US states by greenhouse gas emissions from homes (EPA state inventory), 2021}},
  year = {2025},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/state-ghg-emissions-residential/us-states?period=2021. Publisher attribution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks by State. EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: Residential economic sector, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
TI  - EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: Residential economic sector, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent: US states by greenhouse gas emissions from homes (EPA state inventory), 2021
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/04/23
PB  - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/state-ghg-emissions-residential/us-states?period=2021
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/state-ghg-emissions-residential/us-states?period=2021.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks by State. EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: Residential economic sector, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Rank US states by greenhouse gas emissions from homes (EPA state inventory) using official data, and cite the source.
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Questions

Which state has the highest greenhouse gas emissions from homes (EPA state inventory)?

New York, with 35.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2021, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Which state has the lowest greenhouse gas emissions from homes (EPA state inventory)?

Hawaii, with 0.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2021.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: Residential economic sector, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

US states: more rankings