US states by nonemployer business receipts: wholesale trade

California had the highest nonemployer business receipts: wholesale trade of 51 states in 2023, at $9.92 billion. District of Columbia had the lowest, at $38.88 million. The median was $589.34 million and the figure for the United States was $62.28 billion. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

Highest9,921.9California

Lowest38.9District of Columbia

Median589.351 states

United States62,280.4History

Map of states, 2023

Under 170
170 to 360
360 to 590
590 to 780
780 to 1,500
1,500 and over

USD million, 2023. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), wholesale trade (NAICS 42), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2023

USD million. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), wholesale trade (NAICS 42), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2023 USD million	Change on 2022
1	California	9,921.9	-2.3%
2	Florida	8,506.5	+0.5%
3	New York	6,718.3	+1.9%
4	Texas	5,955.2	+0.9%
5	New Jersey	3,067	-2.5%
6	Pennsylvania	1,961.5	+3%
7	Illinois	1,854.4	+0.1%
8	Georgia	1,674.5	-2.8%
9	Ohio	1,562	+0.7%
10	Michigan	1,381.1	-1.3%
11	North Carolina	1,264.8	+1.8%
12	Arizona	1,064.8	+2%
13	Tennessee	982.4	+3.4%
14	Massachusetts	920.1	+0.8%
15	Washington	855.1	+2.6%
16	Virginia	821.4	+0.2%
17	Colorado	779.3	+0.1%
18	Nevada	776.1	+3.3%
19	Missouri	726	+1.4%
20	Indiana	720.1	+1.9%
21	Maryland	716.7	+3.9%
22	Wisconsin	709.8	+0.4%
23	Connecticut	665.2	-2.5%
24	Minnesota	663.5	-1.8%
25	South Carolina	613.1	-4.8%
26	Alabama	589.3	-0.6%
27	Oregon	551.7	+6.5%
28	Louisiana	522.8	-7.6%
29	Delaware	520.7	+14.5%
30	Utah	502.1	-0.9%
31	Kentucky	485.4	+2.2%
32	Oklahoma	484.8	+4.7%
33	Iowa	384	-0.6%
34	Mississippi	364.8	+6.6%
35	Arkansas	356.2	+9.5%
36	Kansas	292.9	-6%
37	New Hampshire	271	+3.5%
38	Hawaii	242	+1.5%
39	Idaho	233.8	+3.2%
40	Wyoming	233.2	+36.6%
41	New Mexico	181.6	-0.5%
42	Maine	176.7	-4.3%
43	Nebraska	164.8	+10.4%
44	West Virginia	152.8	+13.3%
45	Montana	143.9	-1.1%
46	Rhode Island	143.5	+7.9%
47	South Dakota	125.1	+20.8%
48	North Dakota	109.2	+10.8%
49	Vermont	82	+4.1%
50	Alaska	46.4	-1.4%
51	District of Columbia	38.9	-2.2%

Other periods

About this ranking

Receipts of businesses without paid employees in wholesale trade (NAICS 42), in millions of current US dollars, from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year. Receipts are published in thousands of dollars with noise added to protect individual businesses, and are not adjusted for inflation.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), wholesale trade (NAICS 42), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2025). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), wholesale trade (NAICS 42), all legal forms and receipts sizes (US states by nonemployer business receipts: wholesale trade, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), wholesale trade (NAICS 42), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: wholesale trade, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 15 May 2025, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-wholesale-trade/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2025. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), wholesale trade (NAICS 42), all legal forms and receipts sizes. US states by nonemployer business receipts: wholesale trade, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-wholesale-trade/us-states?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2025) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), wholesale trade (NAICS 42), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: wholesale trade, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-wholesale-trade/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), wholesale trade (NAICS 42), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: wholesale trade, 2023}},
  year = {2025},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-wholesale-trade/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), wholesale trade (NAICS 42), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), wholesale trade (NAICS 42), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: wholesale trade, 2023
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/05/15
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-wholesale-trade/us-states?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-wholesale-trade/us-states?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), wholesale trade (NAICS 42), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer business receipts: wholesale trade?

California, with $9.92 billion in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer business receipts: wholesale trade?

District of Columbia, with $38.88 million in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), wholesale trade (NAICS 42), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.