US states by nonemployer business receipts: information

California had the highest nonemployer business receipts: information of 51 states in 2023, at $3.58 billion. North Dakota had the lowest, at $12.19 million. The median was $180.36 million and the figure for the United States was $17.91 billion. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

Highest3,579California

Lowest12.2North Dakota

Median180.451 states

United States17,914.1History

Map of states, 2023

Under 50
50 to 80
80 to 180
180 to 310
310 to 430
430 and over

USD million, 2023. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), information (NAICS 51), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2023

USD million. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), information (NAICS 51), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2023 USD million	Change on 2022
1	California	3,579	-2.2%
2	New York	1,870.8	0%
3	Florida	1,693.3	+2%
4	Texas	1,421.6	+0.1%
5	New Jersey	634.1	-3.4%
6	Georgia	578.1	-2.5%
7	Illinois	497.1	+0.1%
8	Pennsylvania	458	+1.9%
9	Tennessee	454.5	+4%
10	North Carolina	379.7	-2.7%
11	Ohio	372.7	-0.4%
12	Virginia	355.1	-1.5%
13	Washington	351.2	-5.1%
14	Colorado	343.8	0%
15	Massachusetts	329.8	-3.3%
16	Arizona	320.7	+2.2%
17	Michigan	316.2	-5.2%
18	Maryland	308.7	+0.2%
19	Delaware	307.7	+23.2%
20	Nevada	286.1	+2.6%
21	Connecticut	226.9	-3.8%
22	Minnesota	209.4	-2%
23	Oregon	204.7	-4%
24	Utah	197.7	-3.5%
25	Missouri	185	-0.2%
26	Indiana	180.4	+1.8%
27	South Carolina	158.2	-0.3%
28	Wisconsin	152.7	-0.8%
29	Oklahoma	126.3	+3.4%
30	Kentucky	124.6	+6.3%
31	Wyoming	117.6	+11.1%
32	Alabama	114.9	-9.2%
33	Louisiana	112.4	-11.6%
34	New Hampshire	83.6	+0.5%
35	Kansas	80.5	+4.7%
36	Iowa	78.4	+3.2%
37	Idaho	77.7	+5.7%
38	District of Columbia	75.5	-1.6%
39	Arkansas	69.6	-3%
40	Hawaii	56.9	+8.4%
41	Mississippi	55.4	+8.4%
42	New Mexico	54.6	+0.5%
43	Nebraska	49.4	+6.1%
44	Maine	48	-1.6%
45	Montana	46.2	+0.5%
46	Rhode Island	44	-6.6%
47	Vermont	34.8	-7.1%
48	West Virginia	33.3	-2.9%
49	South Dakota	25.1	-14.3%
50	Alaska	20	-2.6%
51	North Dakota	12.2	+3.1%

Other periods

About this ranking

Receipts of businesses without paid employees in information (publishing, media, telecommunications and data processing) (NAICS 51), in millions of current US dollars, from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year. Receipts are published in thousands of dollars with noise added to protect individual businesses, and are not adjusted for inflation.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), information (NAICS 51), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2025). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), information (NAICS 51), all legal forms and receipts sizes (US states by nonemployer business receipts: information, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), information (NAICS 51), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: information, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 15 May 2025, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-information/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2025. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), information (NAICS 51), all legal forms and receipts sizes. US states by nonemployer business receipts: information, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-information/us-states?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2025) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), information (NAICS 51), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: information, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-information/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), information (NAICS 51), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: information, 2023}},
  year = {2025},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-information/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), information (NAICS 51), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), information (NAICS 51), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: information, 2023
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/05/15
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-information/us-states?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-information/us-states?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), information (NAICS 51), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer business receipts: information?

California, with $3.58 billion in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer business receipts: information?

North Dakota, with $12.19 million in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), information (NAICS 51), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.