Cities in Texas by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate)

Northlake, TX had the highest labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate) of 256 cities in 2023, at 85%. Gatesville, TX had the lowest, at 22.5%. The median was 64.5% and the figure for Texas was 65.3%. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

Highest85Northlake, TX

Lowest22.5Gatesville, TX

Median64.5256 cities

Texas65.3History

Top 40 cities, 2023

%. Source: Invokely calculation with data from U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	Cities	2023 (%)	Change on 2022
1	Northlake, TX	85	+1.5 pts
2	Addison, TX	81.3	+0.4 pts
3	Manor, TX	78.6	+2.6 pts
4	Lavon, TX	77.9	-3.5 pts
5	Hutto, TX	77.8	+0.5 pts
6	The Colony, TX	77.1	-1.8 pts
7	Euless, TX	76.9	+0.9 pts
8	Roanoke, TX	76.7	+1.8 pts
9	Leander, TX	76.4	+0.1 pts
10	Selma, TX	76.3	+0.8 pts
11	Sanger, TX	76.1	+1.5 pts
12	Pflugerville, TX	76	+0.1 pts
13	Grapevine, TX	75.9	-1 pts
14	Farmers Branch, TX	75.8	-1.3 pts
15	Lewisville, TX	75.7	-0.3 pts
16	Princeton, TX	75.4	+2.3 pts
17	Iowa Colony, TX	75.3	+2.6 pts
18	Forney, TX	75.3	+0.2 pts
19	Austin, TX	75	+0.1 pts
20	Fate, TX	74.9	-0 pts
21	Little Elm, TX	74.5	-0.6 pts
22	Carrollton, TX	74.1	+0.1 pts
23	Kyle, TX	74.1	+0.7 pts
24	Red Oak, TX	73.6	+0.3 pts
25	Midlothian, TX	73.4	+0.4 pts
26	Elgin, TX	73.3	+1.8 pts
27	Liberty Hill, TX	73.1	+1.2 pts
28	Anna, TX	72.9	+1.9 pts
29	Wylie, TX	72.8	-1.9 pts
30	Stafford, TX	72.8	-1.9 pts
31	Royse City, TX	72.8	-2.9 pts
32	Crowley, TX	72.7	+1.4 pts
33	Buda, TX	72.6	+1.1 pts
34	Trophy Club, TX	72.5	+1.7 pts
35	Glenn Heights, TX	72.5	+2.6 pts
36	Coppell, TX	72.5	-1.4 pts
37	Sachse, TX	72.3	-0.1 pts
38	Kennedale, TX	72.2	+0.6 pts
39	Mansfield, TX	72.2	+1 pts
40	Round Rock, TX	72.1	-1 pts
41	Irving, TX	72.1	-0.7 pts
42	Frisco, TX	71.8	+0.1 pts
43	Cedar Hill, TX	71.7	+1.9 pts
44	Rowlett, TX	71.6	+0.3 pts
45	Melissa, TX	71.5	-0.1 pts
46	Webster, TX	71.4	-1.9 pts
47	McKinney, TX	71.4	+0.6 pts
48	Prosper, TX	71.3	+0.9 pts
49	Cedar Park, TX	71.1	-0.2 pts
50	Ennis, TX	71.1	-0.6 pts
51	Flower Mound, TX	71.1	0 pts
52	Richardson, TX	70.8	+0.3 pts
53	Watauga, TX	70.6	-2.3 pts
54	Mont Belvieu, TX	70.5	-1.3 pts
55	Live Oak, TX	70.4	+0.8 pts
56	Corinth, TX	70.4	+1.4 pts
57	Bedford, TX	70.4	+0.4 pts
58	Allen, TX	70.2	-0.3 pts
59	Arlington, TX	70.1	+0.1 pts
60	Midland, TX	70.1	-1.4 pts
61	Clute, TX	70	-0.1 pts
62	Mesquite, TX	69.9	-0.1 pts
63	Seabrook, TX	69.9	-0.4 pts
64	Saginaw, TX	69.8	-0.8 pts
65	Burleson, TX	69.8	-0.1 pts
66	Rockwall, TX	69.7	-0.9 pts
67	Grand Prairie, TX	69.7	-0.4 pts
68	Odessa, TX	69.6	+0.5 pts
69	Universal City, TX	69.6	+1.6 pts
70	Providence Village, TX	69.4	-1.1 pts
71	League City, TX	69.4	-0.8 pts
72	Converse, TX	69.3	+2.6 pts
73	Plano, TX	69.3	-0 pts
74	Celina, TX	69.1	0 pts
75	Andrews, TX	69	-3.9 pts
76	Dumas, TX	69	+1.9 pts
77	Pearland, TX	68.9	+0.2 pts
78	Dallas, TX	68.9	+0.2 pts
79	Garland, TX	68.8	-0 pts
80	DeSoto, TX	68.7	+0.4 pts
81	New Braunfels, TX	68.7	+1.9 pts
82	Killeen, TX	68.5	0 pts
82	Robinson, TX	68.5	+1 pts
84	Fort Worth, TX	68.5	+0.1 pts
85	Waxahachie, TX	68.5	+0.2 pts
86	North Richland Hills, TX	68.4	0 pts
87	Harker Heights, TX	68.2	+0.4 pts
87	Horizon City, TX	68.2	+3.4 pts
89	Murphy, TX	68.1	+0.5 pts
90	Josephine, TX	68	-1.3 pts
91	Hidalgo, TX	67.7	+2.5 pts
92	Hurst, TX	67.6	-0.1 pts
93	Lake Jackson, TX	67.3	-0.1 pts
94	Bastrop, TX	67.2	+0.9 pts
95	Houston, TX	67.1	+0.2 pts
96	San Marcos, TX	67.1	+0.3 pts
97	Denton, TX	67	-0.8 pts
98	Ingleside, TX	66.9	+0.8 pts
98	Kaufman, TX	66.9	+3 pts
100	Balch Springs, TX	66.8	-0.9 pts
101	Dickinson, TX	66.8	-0.9 pts
102	Lancaster, TX	66.7	-2.5 pts
103	Stephenville, TX	66.5	+1.3 pts
104	Rosenberg, TX	66.4	+1.3 pts
105	Keller, TX	66.3	-0.1 pts
106	Sulphur Springs, TX	66.3	+2.4 pts
107	Haltom City, TX	66.1	-0.2 pts
107	Highland Village, TX	66.1	-0.9 pts
109	Hewitt, TX	66.1	+0.1 pts
110	Katy, TX	66	-0 pts
111	Lubbock, TX	66	+0.1 pts
112	Benbrook, TX	65.9	-0.6 pts
113	Conroe, TX	65.9	+1.4 pts
113	San Antonio, TX	65.9	+0.1 pts
115	Dripping Springs, TX	65.8	+1.4 pts
116	Cibolo, TX	65.8	+1.5 pts
117	Hereford, TX	65.8	+0.5 pts
118	Mount Pleasant, TX	65.5	+0.8 pts
119	Manvel, TX	65.3	+1.4 pts
120	La Porte, TX	65.3	+1.5 pts
121	Amarillo, TX	65	-0.7 pts
122	San Angelo, TX	65	-0.5 pts
123	Schertz, TX	65	-0.5 pts
124	Copperas Cove, TX	64.8	+0.7 pts
125	Sherman, TX	64.7	-0.1 pts
126	Port Lavaca, TX	64.6	+0.5 pts
127	Beeville, TX	64.6	+2.9 pts
128	Alvin, TX	64.5	-1.6 pts
129	Missouri City, TX	64.5	-1.3 pts
130	Deer Park, TX	64.4	+1 pts
131	Friendswood, TX	64.4	-1.3 pts
132	Sugar Land, TX	64.4	+0.6 pts
133	Baytown, TX	64.4	-0 pts
134	Bryan, TX	64.2	+1.3 pts
135	Gainesville, TX	64.2	-0 pts
136	Humble, TX	64.1	-2.6 pts
137	Pasadena, TX	64.1	-1.1 pts
138	Pampa, TX	64.1	+0.4 pts
139	Wichita Falls, TX	64.1	+0.2 pts
140	Weatherford, TX	64	+1.1 pts
141	Azle, TX	64	-2.7 pts
141	La Marque, TX	64	+1 pts
143	Plainview, TX	63.9	-0.2 pts
144	Greenville, TX	63.8	-0.7 pts
145	Nederland, TX	63.8	-0 pts
146	Colleyville, TX	63.6	-0.3 pts
147	Canyon, TX	63.6	+0.3 pts
148	Palestine, TX	63.5	+1.4 pts
149	Portland, TX	63.4	-0.8 pts
150	Texas City, TX	63.3	+0.6 pts
151	Tyler, TX	63.2	-0.1 pts
152	Victoria, TX	63.2	-0.6 pts
153	Sweetwater, TX	63.2	+2.1 pts
154	Port Neches, TX	63.1	-0.5 pts
155	Bellaire, TX	63.1	+0.1 pts
156	Helotes, TX	63	+2.1 pts
157	South Houston, TX	63	-1.7 pts
158	Corsicana, TX	62.8	+1.7 pts
159	Nacogdoches, TX	62.7	+2.1 pts
160	Boerne, TX	62.6	-0.5 pts
161	Kingsville, TX	62.5	+1.2 pts
162	Laredo, TX	62.5	+0.2 pts
163	Corpus Christi, TX	62.5	-0.3 pts
164	El Paso, TX	62.4	-0.2 pts
165	Temple, TX	62.3	+0.8 pts
166	Bay City, TX	62.3	+2.9 pts
167	Taylor, TX	62.3	+0.5 pts
168	College Station, TX	62.2	+0.6 pts
169	Cleburne, TX	62.2	+1.8 pts
170	Abilene, TX	62.1	-0.2 pts
171	Duncanville, TX	62.1	-0 pts
172	Terrell, TX	62	+1.3 pts
173	McAllen, TX	61.8	-0.4 pts
174	Burkburnett, TX	61.8	+1.2 pts
175	Seguin, TX	61.7	+2 pts
176	Longview, TX	61.6	-0.5 pts
177	Edinburg, TX	61.6	-0.2 pts
178	Socorro, TX	61.6	+1.7 pts
179	Kilgore, TX	61.5	+0.2 pts
180	Alton, TX	61.5	-1.8 pts
181	Waco, TX	61.5	+0.8 pts
181	West University Place, TX	61.5	-1.1 pts
183	White Settlement, TX	61.4	+1.7 pts
184	Galena Park, TX	61.3	+1.5 pts
185	Lufkin, TX	61.2	-1 pts
186	Beaumont, TX	61	+1.1 pts
186	Southlake, TX	61	+1 pts
188	Jacksonville, TX	60.9	+0.3 pts
189	San Juan, TX	60.8	-0.1 pts
190	Pharr, TX	60.6	+1.1 pts
191	Fulshear, TX	60.6	-2.5 pts
192	Groves, TX	60.6	-0.3 pts
193	Leon Valley, TX	60.5	-0.7 pts
194	Forest Hill, TX	60.5	-3.4 pts
195	Richmond, TX	60.5	+0.9 pts
196	El Campo, TX	60.4	+1.9 pts
196	Tomball, TX	60.4	+4 pts
198	Eagle Pass, TX	60.4	-0.5 pts
199	Levelland, TX	60.4	-2.7 pts
200	Angleton, TX	60.2	-1.4 pts
201	Athens, TX	60.1	+3 pts
202	Marshall, TX	60	+0.8 pts
203	Orange, TX	59.8	+0.1 pts
204	Lumberton, TX	59.6	-2.3 pts
205	Belton, TX	59.4	-1.1 pts
206	Brownwood, TX	59.4	-1.7 pts
207	Rio Grande City, TX	59.3	-0.8 pts
208	Del Rio, TX	59.1	-0.5 pts
209	Brownsville, TX	59.1	+1.2 pts
210	Santa Fe, TX	59.1	-1 pts
211	Borger, TX	59.1	-2.7 pts
212	Freeport, TX	58.9	+1.9 pts
213	Paris, TX	58.9	0 pts
214	University Park, TX	58.8	0 pts
215	Dayton, TX	58.8	-0.9 pts
216	Mineral Wells, TX	58.7	-1.5 pts
217	Snyder, TX	58.6	-2.3 pts
218	Weslaco, TX	58.5	-0.4 pts
219	Denison, TX	58.4	-0.5 pts
220	Heath, TX	58.3	-0.6 pts
221	Harlingen, TX	58.2	+1 pts
222	Mission, TX	57.9	-0.2 pts
223	Seagoville, TX	57.9	+3 pts
224	San Elizario, TX	57.8	-1.1 pts
225	Fair Oaks Ranch, TX	57.6	-3.5 pts
226	Uvalde, TX	57.5	+1.6 pts
227	Galveston, TX	57.5	-0.5 pts
228	Lockhart, TX	57	+1.6 pts
229	Pleasanton, TX	56.5	-2.4 pts
230	Lakeway, TX	56.1	-1.3 pts
231	Georgetown, TX	55.7	+1.2 pts
232	Town of Pecos, TX	55.4	-1.1 pts
233	Alice, TX	55.4	+1.4 pts
234	Mercedes, TX	55.1	+0.4 pts
235	Lago Vista, TX	55.1	+1.7 pts
236	Raymondville, TX	54.8	+0.3 pts
237	Brenham, TX	54.8	-0.2 pts
238	Texarkana, TX	54.6	-1.3 pts
239	Alamo, TX	54.4	+0.9 pts
240	Robstown, TX	54.3	+0.8 pts
241	Fredericksburg, TX	53.9	-1.9 pts
242	Kerrville, TX	53.8	-0.9 pts
243	Roma, TX	53.3	-1.7 pts
244	Bellmead, TX	53.3	-0.6 pts
245	Big Spring, TX	52.2	+1.9 pts
246	Port Arthur, TX	51.9	-0.8 pts
247	Palmview, TX	51.6	+0.4 pts
248	San Benito, TX	51.6	+1.3 pts
249	Rockport, TX	50.1	+0.5 pts
250	Huntsville, TX	49.9	+3.4 pts

Showing the top 250 of 256. The Excel download has every row.

Other periods

2024
2023
2022
2021

About this ranking

People aged 16 and over in the labor force (employed, unemployed or in the Armed Forces) as a percentage of all people aged 16 and over, including people in group quarters. United States: American Community Survey five-year estimate, where the period shown is the last year of the five-year span.

The Census Bureau definition used in its data profiles. It differs from the BLS labor_force_participation_rate, which counts the civilian noninstitutional population only.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the cities are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2026). American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more) (Cities in Texas by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat

MLA 9

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more), Cities in Texas by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 29 Jan. 2026, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/texas-cities?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2026. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). Cities in Texas by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/texas-cities?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2026) American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more), Cities in Texas by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/texas-cities?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{census_cities_in_texas_by_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more): Cities in Texas by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/texas-cities?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary\_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more): Cities in Texas by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/01/29
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/texas-cities?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/texas-cities?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Rank Cities in Texas by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate) using official data, and cite the source.

rank_places {"indicator":"labor_force_participation_rate_acs","level":"municipality","within":"Texas","limit":10}
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Questions

Which city has the highest labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate)?

Northlake, TX, with 85% in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which city has the lowest labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate)?

Gatesville, TX, with 22.5% in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, US cities (incorporated places of 10,000 or more). Retrieved 2026-10-12.