Union representation rate
Wage and salary workers represented by unions, as a percent of employed wage and salary workers, annual average, from the Current Population Survey of the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (series LUU0204899700 for the nation).
Represented workers are union members plus workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. Annual averages of the monthly Current Population Survey, a household survey, so the figures carry sampling error, which is larger for small states. Wage and salary workers exclude the incorporated and unincorporated self employed. State figures are by state of residence. The 2025 averages cover 11 months: October 2025 was not collected during the federal government shutdown.
Key facts
- Union representation rate in the United States was 11.2% in 2025, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
- Hawaii had the highest union representation rate of 51 states in 2025, at 26%, and South Dakota the lowest, at 3.1%. Source: the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
- Published for 52 places, with figures from 1983 to 2025.
Rankings
US states by union representation rate, 2025
Places with data
Countries
Regions and states
- California
- Texas
- Florida
- New York
- Pennsylvania
- Illinois
- Ohio
- Georgia
- North Carolina
- Michigan
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Washington
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- Virginia
Use this data in your AI agent
Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:
Which places have the highest union representation rate? Use official data and cite it.
rank_places {"indicator":"union_representation_rate","level":"region","within":"United States"}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=union_representation_rate&level=region&within=United%20States