# Regions of Germany (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2023

All 38 values come from Eurostat, European Commission for 2023, so the places are comparable.

- Indicator id: `rd_expenditure_gdp_share`
- Unit: % of GDP
- Definition: Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development (GERD) by all sectors (businesses, government, higher education and private non-profit institutions) as a percentage of gross domestic product. Regions are measured against their own regional GDP.
- Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg) (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table)
- Publisher page: https://invokely.ai/en/publishers/eurostat
- Retrieved: 2026-10-18
- Citation: Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
- Web page: https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/germany-regions

| Rank | Place | % of GDP |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | Stuttgart | 7.33 |
| 2 | Braunschweig | 5.91 |
| 3 | Karlsruhe | 5.88 |
| 4 | Rheinhessen-Pfalz | 5.28 |
| 5 | Oberbayern | 5.22 |
| 6 | Köln | 4.05 |
| 7 | Tübingen | 3.89 |
| 8 | Darmstadt | 3.36 |
| 9 | Hannover | 3.23 |
| 10 | Trier | 3.19 |
| 11 | Berlin | 3.04 |
| 12 | Oberfranken | 2.82 |
| 13 | Bremen | 2.8 |
| 14 | Hamburg | 2.62 |
| 15 | Gießen | 2.58 |
| 15 | Thüringen | 2.58 |
| 17 | Mittelfranken | 2.5 |
| 18 | Dresden | 2.47 |
| 19 | Freiburg | 2.46 |
| 20 | Leipzig | 2.13 |
| 21 | Chemnitz | 2.09 |
| 22 | Unterfranken | 1.99 |
| 23 | Oberpfalz | 1.77 |
| 24 | Arnsberg | 1.76 |
| 25 | Detmold | 1.75 |
| 26 | Düsseldorf | 1.64 |
| 27 | Saarland | 1.62 |
| 28 | Kassel | 1.54 |
| 29 | Schleswig-Holstein | 1.53 |
| 30 | Brandenburg | 1.49 |
| 31 | Sachsen-Anhalt | 1.45 |
| 32 | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | 1.37 |
| 32 | Schwaben | 1.37 |
| 34 | Münster | 1.16 |
| 35 | Lüneburg | 0.99 |
| 36 | Koblenz | 0.96 |
| 37 | Weser-Ems | 0.78 |
| 38 | Niederbayern | 0.7 |