# EU regions (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2023

All 227 values come from Eurostat, European Commission for 2023, so the places are comparable. 10 regions have no value for that period and are not ranked.

- Indicator id: `rd_expenditure_gdp_share`
- Unit: % of GDP
- Definition: Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development (GERD) by all sectors (businesses, government, higher education and private non-profit institutions) as a percentage of gross domestic product. Regions are measured against their own regional GDP.
- Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg) (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table)
- Publisher page: https://invokely.ai/en/publishers/eurostat
- Retrieved: 2026-10-18
- Citation: Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
- Web page: https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/eu-regions

| Rank | Place | % of GDP |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | Prov. Brabant wallon | 8.68 |
| 2 | Stuttgart | 7.33 |
| 3 | Braunschweig | 5.91 |
| 4 | Karlsruhe | 5.88 |
| 5 | Västsverige | 5.63 |
| 6 | Steiermark | 5.32 |
| 7 | Rheinhessen-Pfalz | 5.28 |
| 8 | Oberbayern | 5.22 |
| 9 | Prov. Vlaams-Brabant | 5.17 |
| 10 | Hovedstaden | 4.61 |
| 11 | Östra Mellansverige | 4.37 |
| 12 | Midi-Pyrénées | 4.08 |
| 12 | Prov. Antwerpen | 4.08 |
| 14 | Köln | 4.05 |
| 15 | Wien | 3.91 |
| 16 | Tübingen | 3.89 |
| 17 | Helsinki-Uusimaa | 3.88 |
| 18 | Sydsverige | 3.66 |
| 19 | Oberösterreich | 3.54 |
| 20 | Stockholm | 3.53 |
| 21 | Prov. Oost-Vlaanderen | 3.4 |
| 22 | Darmstadt | 3.36 |
| 23 | Hannover | 3.23 |
| 24 | Kärnten | 3.19 |
| 24 | Trier | 3.19 |
| 26 | Berlin | 3.04 |
| 27 | Rhône-Alpes | 3.02 |
| 28 | Länsi-Suomi | 2.96 |
| 29 | Tirol | 2.91 |
| 30 | Ile-de-France | 2.9 |
| 31 | Oberfranken | 2.82 |
| 32 | Bremen | 2.8 |
| 33 | Warszawski stołeczny | 2.79 |
| 34 | Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomi | 2.78 |
| 35 | Franche-Comté | 2.74 |
| 36 | Małopolskie | 2.73 |
| 37 | Praha | 2.63 |
| 37 | Zahodna Slovenija | 2.63 |
| 39 | Hamburg | 2.62 |
| 40 | Gießen | 2.58 |
| 40 | Thüringen | 2.58 |
| 42 | Prov. Liège | 2.52 |
| 43 | Mittelfranken | 2.5 |
| 44 | Dresden | 2.47 |
| 45 | Freiburg | 2.46 |
| 46 | Région de Bruxelles-Capitale/ Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest | 2.45 |
| 47 | Basque Country | 2.38 |
| 48 | Midtjylland | 2.36 |
| 49 | Pomorskie | 2.32 |
| 50 | Övre Norrland | 2.3 |
| 51 | Languedoc-Roussillon | 2.29 |
| 52 | Budapest | 2.25 |
| 53 | Grad Zagreb | 2.17 |
| 53 | Jihovýchod | 2.17 |
| 55 | Eastern and Midland | 2.14 |
| 56 | Leipzig | 2.13 |
| 57 | Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur | 2.1 |
| 58 | Chemnitz | 2.09 |
| 58 | Emilia-Romagna | 2.09 |
| 58 | Piemonte | 2.09 |
| 61 | Grande Lisboa | 2.08 |
| 62 | Community of Madrid | 2.04 |
| 63 | Auvergne | 2.03 |
| 64 | Střední Čechy | 2.01 |
| 64 | Syddanmark | 2.01 |
| 66 | Unterfranken | 1.99 |
| 67 | Centro (PT) | 1.96 |
| 67 | Norte | 1.96 |
| 69 | Sjeverna Hrvatska | 1.93 |
| 69 | Vorarlberg | 1.93 |
| 71 | Etelä-Suomi | 1.91 |
| 71 | Prov. Limburg (BE) | 1.91 |
| 73 | Catalonia | 1.89 |
| 74 | Eesti | 1.83 |
| 75 | Ipeiros | 1.81 |
| 76 | Lazio | 1.8 |
| 77 | Navarre | 1.79 |
| 77 | Niederösterreich | 1.79 |
| 79 | Aquitaine | 1.78 |
| 80 | Bratislavský kraj | 1.77 |
| 80 | Oberpfalz | 1.77 |
| 82 | Arnsberg | 1.76 |
| 83 | Attiki | 1.75 |
| 83 | Detmold | 1.75 |
| 85 | Bretagne | 1.74 |
| 85 | Nordjylland | 1.74 |
| 87 | Prov. West-Vlaanderen | 1.72 |
| 88 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 1.69 |
| 89 | Alsace | 1.67 |
| 90 | Dolnośląskie | 1.66 |
| 90 | Kriti | 1.66 |
| 92 | Düsseldorf | 1.64 |
| 93 | Saarland | 1.62 |
| 94 | Salzburg | 1.61 |
| 95 | Provincia Autonoma di Trento | 1.59 |
| 96 | Prov. Hainaut | 1.58 |
| 97 | Dytiki Elláda | 1.56 |
| 98 | Kassel | 1.54 |
| 98 | Střední Morava | 1.54 |
| 100 | Schleswig-Holstein | 1.53 |
| 101 | Kentriki Makedonia | 1.51 |
| 102 | Brandenburg | 1.49 |
| 103 | Sostinės regionas | 1.47 |
| 104 | Sachsen-Anhalt | 1.45 |
| 105 | Liguria | 1.44 |
| 105 | Northern and Western | 1.44 |
| 107 | Småland med öarna | 1.43 |
| 107 | Vzhodna Slovenija | 1.43 |
| 109 | Picardie | 1.42 |
| 110 | Jihozápad | 1.4 |
| 110 | Lubelskie | 1.4 |
| 112 | Castile and León | 1.38 |
| 112 | Centre - Val de Loire | 1.38 |
| 114 | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | 1.37 |
| 114 | Schwaben | 1.37 |
| 114 | Toscana | 1.37 |
| 117 | Haute-Normandie | 1.34 |
| 118 | Pays de la Loire | 1.33 |
| 119 | Yugozapaden | 1.25 |
| 120 | Galicia | 1.24 |
| 121 | Severovýchod | 1.23 |
| 121 | Valencian Community | 1.23 |
| 123 | Limousin | 1.22 |
| 123 | Lorraine | 1.22 |
| 125 | Campania | 1.2 |
| 125 | Veneto | 1.2 |
| 127 | Dél-Alföld | 1.19 |
| 127 | Lombardia | 1.19 |
| 127 | Podkarpackie | 1.19 |
| 130 | Vest | 1.18 |
| 131 | Anatoliki Makedonia, Thraki | 1.16 |
| 131 | Aragon | 1.16 |
| 131 | Münster | 1.16 |
| 134 | Andalusia | 1.15 |
| 134 | Basse-Normandie | 1.15 |
| 136 | Wielkopolskie | 1.14 |
| 137 | Peloponnisos | 1.13 |
| 137 | Thessalia | 1.13 |
| 139 | Abruzzo | 1.1 |
| 140 | Mellersta Norrland | 1.09 |
| 140 | Prov. Namur | 1.09 |
| 142 | Region of Murcia | 1.07 |
| 142 | Sterea Elláda | 1.07 |
| 144 | Közép-Dunántúl | 1.06 |
| 144 | Luxembourg | 1.06 |
| 144 | Nyugat-Dunántúl | 1.06 |
| 144 | Voreio Aigaio | 1.06 |
| 148 | Moravskoslezsko | 1.05 |
| 149 | Sjælland | 1.01 |
| 150 | Śląskie | 1 |
| 151 | Lüneburg | 0.99 |
| 152 | Asturias | 0.98 |
| 152 | Dytiki Makedonia | 0.98 |
| 152 | Łódzkie | 0.98 |
| 152 | Sicilia | 0.98 |
| 156 | Cantabria | 0.96 |
| 156 | Koblenz | 0.96 |
| 156 | Norra Mellansverige | 0.96 |
| 156 | Warmińsko-mazurskie | 0.96 |
| 160 | Marche | 0.94 |
| 161 | La Rioja | 0.93 |
| 162 | Podlaskie | 0.92 |
| 163 | Nord-Pas de Calais | 0.91 |
| 164 | Península de Setúbal | 0.9 |
| 164 | Západné Slovensko | 0.9 |
| 166 | Umbria | 0.88 |
| 167 | Észak-Alföld | 0.85 |
| 167 | Kujawsko-pomorskie | 0.85 |
| 169 | Sardegna | 0.83 |
| 170 | Alentejo | 0.82 |
| 170 | Bourgogne | 0.82 |
| 170 | Bucureşti-Ilfov | 0.82 |
| 170 | Latvija | 0.82 |
| 170 | Puglia | 0.82 |
| 175 | Poitou-Charentes | 0.8 |
| 176 | Oeste e Vale do Tejo | 0.79 |
| 177 | Molise | 0.78 |
| 177 | Opolskie | 0.78 |
| 177 | Weser-Ems | 0.78 |
| 180 | Zachodniopomorskie | 0.76 |
| 181 | Burgenland | 0.75 |
| 182 | Észak-Magyarország | 0.74 |
| 182 | Stredné Slovensko | 0.74 |
| 184 | Extremadura | 0.71 |
| 185 | Niederbayern | 0.7 |
| 186 | Vidurio ir vakarų Lietuvos regionas | 0.69 |
| 187 | Jadranska Hrvatska | 0.68 |
| 188 | Kýpros | 0.66 |
| 189 | Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen | 0.65 |
| 190 | Basilicata | 0.64 |
| 190 | Calabria | 0.64 |
| 190 | Świętokrzyskie | 0.64 |
| 193 | Castilla-La Mancha | 0.63 |
| 193 | Champagne-Ardenne | 0.63 |
| 195 | Southern | 0.59 |
| 196 | Malta | 0.58 |
| 197 | Canary Islands | 0.57 |
| 197 | Prov. Luxembourg (BE) | 0.57 |
| 197 | Východné Slovensko | 0.57 |
| 200 | Dél-Dunántúl | 0.56 |
| 201 | Åland | 0.53 |
| 201 | Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste | 0.53 |
| 203 | Algarve | 0.49 |
| 203 | Panonska Hrvatska | 0.49 |
| 203 | Região Autónoma dos Açores | 0.49 |
| 206 | Balearic Islands | 0.48 |
| 206 | Região Autónoma da Madeira | 0.48 |
| 208 | Lubuskie | 0.45 |
| 208 | Severozápad | 0.45 |
| 210 | Centru | 0.41 |
| 210 | Pest | 0.41 |
| 210 | Yuzhen tsentralen | 0.41 |
| 213 | Sud-Muntenia | 0.4 |
| 214 | Severoiztochen | 0.39 |
| 215 | Ionia Nisia | 0.37 |
| 216 | Melilla | 0.36 |
| 217 | Severen tsentralen | 0.34 |
| 218 | Corse | 0.33 |
| 219 | Nord-Vest | 0.29 |
| 220 | Mazowiecki regionalny | 0.28 |
| 221 | Yugoiztochen | 0.27 |
| 222 | Severozapaden | 0.26 |
| 223 | Nord-Est | 0.25 |
| 224 | Notio Aigaio | 0.24 |
| 225 | Ceuta | 0.23 |
| 226 | Sud-Vest Oltenia | 0.17 |
| 227 | Sud-Est | 0.12 |