# EU countries by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2024

All 27 values come from Eurostat, European Commission for 2024, so the places are comparable.

- Indicator id: `rd_expenditure_gdp_share`
- Unit: % of GDP
- Definition: Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development (GERD) by all sectors (businesses, government, higher education and private non-profit institutions) as a percentage of gross domestic product. Regions are measured against their own regional GDP.
- Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD), all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdtot) (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdtot/default/table)
- Publisher page: https://invokely.ai/en/publishers/eurostat
- Retrieved: 2026-10-18
- Citation: Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD), all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdtot). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdtot/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
- Web page: https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/eu-countries

| Rank | Place | % of GDP |
|---:|---|---:|
| 1 | Sweden | 3.53 |
| 2 | Austria | 3.34 |
| 3 | Belgium | 3.25 |
| 4 | Finland | 3.22 |
| 5 | Denmark | 3.15 |
| 6 | Germany | 3.12 |
| 7 | Netherlands | 2.37 |
| 8 | France | 2.18 |
| 9 | Slovenia | 2.14 |
| 10 | Estonia | 1.98 |
| 11 | Czechia | 1.82 |
| 12 | Portugal | 1.73 |
| 13 | Ireland | 1.59 |
| 14 | Greece | 1.53 |
| 15 | Spain | 1.5 |
| 16 | Croatia | 1.41 |
| 16 | Italy | 1.41 |
| 18 | Poland | 1.4 |
| 19 | Hungary | 1.31 |
| 20 | Lithuania | 1.12 |
| 21 | Luxembourg | 1.04 |
| 22 | Slovakia | 0.98 |
| 23 | Latvia | 0.94 |
| 24 | Bulgaria | 0.77 |
| 25 | Cyprus | 0.64 |
| 26 | Malta | 0.61 |
| 27 | Romania | 0.46 |