# Union representation rate

Wage and salary workers represented by unions, as a percent of employed wage and salary workers, annual average, from the Current Population Survey of the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (series LUU0204899700 for the nation).

## Key facts

- Union representation rate in the United States was 11.2% in 2025, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
- Hawaii had the highest union representation rate of 51 states in 2025, at 26%, and South Dakota the lowest, at 3.1%. Source: the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
- Published for 52 places, with figures from 1983 to 2025.
- Figures last updated on 2026-10-18.

- Indicator id: `union_representation_rate`
- Unit: %
- Note: Represented workers are union members plus workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. Annual averages of the monthly Current Population Survey, a household survey, so the figures carry sampling error, which is larger for small states. Wage and salary workers exclude the incorporated and unincorporated self employed. State figures are by state of residence. The 2025 averages cover 11 months: October 2025 was not collected during the federal government shutdown.
- Web page: https://invokely.ai/en/union-representation-rate
- API: https://invokely.ai/api/v1/indicators/union_representation_rate

## Latest figures

| Place | Period | % | Source |
|---|---|---:|---|
| United States | 2025 | 11.2 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Union affiliation data from the Current Population Survey: represented by unions, percent of employed wage and salary workers, nation and states (LUU0204899700 and LUU02048997<state FIPS>). https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/lu/lu.data.1.AllData. Retrieved 2026-10-18. |

## Rankings

- [US states](https://invokely.ai/rankings/union-representation-rate/us-states.md) (51 places)