# R&D expenditure share of GDP in Prov. Antwerpen

R&D expenditure share of GDP in Prov. Antwerpen was 4.08% of GDP in 2023. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

- Indicator id: `rd_expenditure_gdp_share`
- Place id: `be-nuts-be21`
- Unit: % of GDP
- Definition: Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development (GERD) by all sectors (businesses, government, higher education and private non-profit institutions) as a percentage of gross domestic product. Regions are measured against their own regional GDP.
- Note: Measured following the OECD Frascati Manual. The EU set a target of 3% of GDP. Eurostat estimates the EU total, and some national years are estimated or provisional.
- Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg) (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table)
- Publisher page: https://invokely.ai/en/publishers/eurostat
- Retrieved: 2026-10-18
- License: Eurostat reuse policy (commercial and non-commercial reuse, attribution required)
- Citation: Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
- Web page: https://invokely.ai/en/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/prov-antwerpen-be21
- API: https://invokely.ai/api/v1/series?indicator=rd_expenditure_gdp_share&place=be-nuts-be21

| Period | % of GDP |
|---|---:|
| 2023 | 4.08 |
| 2022 | 4.12 |
| 2017 | 3.45 |
| 2016 | 3.24 |
| 2015 | 3.12 |
| 2014 | 3.02 |
| 2013 | 2.68 |
| 2012 | 2.66 |
| 2011 | 2.66 |
| 2010 | 2.46 |
| 2009 | 2.21 |
| 2008 | 2.18 |
| 2007 | 2.13 |
| 2006 | 2.2 |