# R&D expenditure share of GDP in Noord-Holland

R&D expenditure share of GDP in Noord-Holland was 1.82% of GDP in 2012. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

- Indicator id: `rd_expenditure_gdp_share`
- Place id: `nl-nuts-nl32`
- Unit: % of GDP
- Definition: Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development (GERD) by all sectors (businesses, government, higher education and private non-profit institutions) as a percentage of gross domestic product. Regions are measured against their own regional GDP.
- Note: Measured following the OECD Frascati Manual. The EU set a target of 3% of GDP. Eurostat estimates the EU total, and some national years are estimated or provisional.
- Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg) (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table)
- Publisher page: https://invokely.ai/en/publishers/eurostat
- Retrieved: 2026-10-18
- License: Eurostat reuse policy (commercial and non-commercial reuse, attribution required)
- Citation: Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
- Web page: https://invokely.ai/en/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/noord-holland-nl32
- API: https://invokely.ai/api/v1/series?indicator=rd_expenditure_gdp_share&place=nl-nuts-nl32

| Period | % of GDP |
|---|---:|
| 2012 | 1.82 |
| 2011 | 1.71 |
| 2009 | 1.48 (estimated) |
| 2007 | 1.41 (estimated) |
| 2005 | 1.35 (estimated) |
| 2003 | 1.54 (break) |
| 2002 | 1.39 (estimated) |
| 2001 | 1.42 (estimated) |
| 2000 | 1.59 (estimated) |