# R&D expenditure share of GDP in Estonia

R&D expenditure share of GDP in Estonia was 1.98% of GDP in 2024. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

- Indicator id: `rd_expenditure_gdp_share`
- Place id: `ee`
- Unit: % of GDP
- Definition: Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development (GERD) by all sectors (businesses, government, higher education and private non-profit institutions) as a percentage of gross domestic product. Regions are measured against their own regional GDP.
- Note: Measured following the OECD Frascati Manual. The EU set a target of 3% of GDP. Eurostat estimates the EU total, and some national years are estimated or provisional.
- Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD), all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdtot) (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdtot/default/table)
- Publisher page: https://invokely.ai/en/publishers/eurostat
- Retrieved: 2026-10-18
- License: Eurostat reuse policy (commercial and non-commercial reuse, attribution required)
- Citation: Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD), all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdtot). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdtot/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
- Web page: https://invokely.ai/en/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/estonia
- API: https://invokely.ai/api/v1/series?indicator=rd_expenditure_gdp_share&place=ee

| Period | % of GDP |
|---|---:|
| 2024 | 1.98 |
| 2023 | 1.84 |
| 2022 | 1.76 |
| 2021 | 1.75 |
| 2020 | 1.73 |
| 2019 | 1.59 |
| 2018 | 1.38 |
| 2017 | 1.25 |
| 2016 | 1.22 |
| 2015 | 1.44 |
| 2014 | 1.41 |
| 2013 | 1.7 |
| 2012 | 2.1 |
| 2011 | 2.3 |
| 2010 | 1.58 |
| 2009 | 1.4 |
| 2008 | 1.25 |
| 2007 | 1.06 |
| 2006 | 1.11 |
| 2005 | 0.92 |
| 2004 | 0.85 |
| 2003 | 0.76 |
| 2002 | 0.71 |
| 2001 | 0.7 |
| 2000 | 0.6 |
| 1999 | 0.68 |
| 1998 | 0.57 |