# R&D expenditure share of GDP in Dytiki Makedonia

R&D expenditure share of GDP in Dytiki Makedonia was 0.77% of GDP in 2024. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

- Indicator id: `rd_expenditure_gdp_share`
- Place id: `gr-nuts-el53`
- Unit: % of GDP
- Definition: Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development (GERD) by all sectors (businesses, government, higher education and private non-profit institutions) as a percentage of gross domestic product. Regions are measured against their own regional GDP.
- Note: Measured following the OECD Frascati Manual. The EU set a target of 3% of GDP. Eurostat estimates the EU total, and some national years are estimated or provisional.
- Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg) (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table)
- Publisher page: https://invokely.ai/en/publishers/eurostat
- Retrieved: 2026-10-18
- License: Eurostat reuse policy (commercial and non-commercial reuse, attribution required)
- Citation: Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
- Web page: https://invokely.ai/en/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/dytiki-makedonia-el53
- API: https://invokely.ai/api/v1/series?indicator=rd_expenditure_gdp_share&place=gr-nuts-el53

| Period | % of GDP |
|---|---:|
| 2024 | 0.77 |
| 2023 | 0.98 |
| 2022 | 0.77 |
| 2021 | 0.58 |
| 2020 | 0.6 |
| 2019 | 0.42 |
| 2018 | 0.46 |
| 2017 | 0.33 |
| 2015 | 0.43 |
| 2013 | 0.35 |
| 2011 | 0.31 (break) |
| 2005 | 0.11 |
| 2003 | 0.19 |