# Gender pay gap (unadjusted)

Difference between the average gross hourly earnings of men and of women, as a percentage of men's average gross hourly earnings. Employees in enterprises with 10 or more employees, in industry, construction and services except public administration and defence (NACE Rev. 2 B to S without O).

## Key facts

- Gender pay gap (unadjusted) in the European Union (27) was 11.1% in 2024, according to Eurostat, European Commission.
- Estonia had the highest gender pay gap (unadjusted) of 27 EU countries in 2024, at 18.8%, and Luxembourg the lowest, at -0.8%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.
- Published for 28 places, with figures from 2007 to 2024.
- Figures last updated on 2026-10-18.

- Indicator id: `gender_pay_gap`
- Unit: %
- Note: Unadjusted: it compares averages for all women and all men and does not account for differences in occupation, sector, hours or experience. A negative value means women earn more per hour on average. Built from the four-yearly Structure of Earnings Survey (2010, 2014, 2018, 2022), with national estimates for the years in between; the latest year is usually provisional.
- Web page: https://invokely.ai/en/gender-pay-gap
- API: https://invokely.ai/api/v1/indicators/gender_pay_gap

## Latest figures

| Place | Period | % | Source |
|---|---|---:|---|
| European Union (27) | 2024 | 11.1 | Eurostat. Gender pay gap in unadjusted form, industry, construction and services except public administration (earn_gr_gpgr2). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_gr_gpgr2/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18. |

## Rankings

- [EU countries](https://invokely.ai/rankings/gender-pay-gap/eu-countries.md) (27 places)